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Testosterone is a male sex hormone produced in the testicles that plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive tissues, as well as in promoting muscle mass and bone density.
Low testosterone levels, also known as hypogonadism, occur when the body doesn’t produce enough testosterone. This condition can lead to various symptoms, including fatigue, reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased muscle mass, and mood changes.
As they age, men’s testosterone levels gradually decline. You are more likely to have low testosterone as you age. If you find your low testosterone symptoms bothersome, your doctor could suggest testosterone replacement medication.
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Low testosterone symptoms might differ greatly, especially depending on age.
Low testosterone, or hypogonadism, can stem from primary or secondary causes, each with congenital or acquired factors.
Affecting testicular function can be congenital, involving conditions like:
Testicle damage, orchitis, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, tumours, and the usage of anabolic steroids are examples of acquired causes.
Involves hypothalamus or pituitary dysfunction, often termed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Congenital contributors include isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Kallmann syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome.
The acquired causes encompass:
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) results from ageing, with deteriorating hypothalamic-pituitary and Leydig cell function. LOH and low testosterone are prevalent in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, obesity, or overweight. Studies indicate a higher occurrence of low testosterone in overweight individuals (30%) compared to those with normal weight (6%). In Type 2 diabetes, 25% of individuals have low testosterone, contrasting with 13% in those without diabetes.
Understanding these causes helps healthcare providers diagnose and manage low testosterone effectively, ensuring tailored interventions for each patient’s unique circumstances. Regular monitoring and personalised treatments can enhance the overall well-being of individuals facing hypogonadism.
Healthcare professionals use testosterone replacement treatment to treat male hypogonadism or low testosterone. There are several kinds of testosterone replacement treatment, which include:
A pill form of testosterone is available for people with low testosterone due to specific medical conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome or tumours that have damaged their pituitary glands.
Three times a day, you administer a testosterone gel into each nostril.
You apply these adhesive tablets to your gums twice a day. Your gums allow the testosterone to enter your circulation swiftly.
Every three to six months, a doctor implants these pellets beneath your skin. The testosterone doses provided by the pellets are steady and long-lasting.
As instructed, you apply these patches to your skin each day. Typically, you have to move them around to prevent skin reactions.
Every one to two weeks, you or a healthcare professional can inject the medication into a muscle. Every ten weeks, providers can inject long-acting testosterone. Additionally, subcutaneous injections are available.
As instructed, you apply the gel to clean, dry skin each day. You must avoid skin-to-skin contact with anyone else to avoid spreading the gel.
Lifestyle changes can complement medical interventions in managing low testosterone levels. Here are some recommended lifestyle modifications:
Many people dismiss the symptoms of decreased testosterone as an uncomfortable aspect of ageing. However, you ought to treat any symptoms that lower your quality of life. Should you be experiencing uncomfortable symptoms of low testosterone, it is always advisable to seek medical help from an experienced endocrinologist. Timely care and help can ensure an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of your condition.
At the CK Birla Hospital, we ensure patients get holistic medical support which includes treatment in a compassionate environment. This patient-centric approach not only helps patients heal better but also ensures they are aware of the preventive measures as well. In case you need to consult an endocrinologist, reach out to us, or book a direct appointment with a doctor at the CK Birla Hospital.
Yes, low testosterone can impact fertility by reducing sperm count, motility, and quality. Medical intervention and lifestyle changes can improve fertility outcomes for individuals with low testosterone.
Yes, natural ways to boost testosterone include regular exercise, sufficient sleep, a balanced diet with essential nutrients, weight management, stress reduction, and avoiding excessive alcohol and processed foods.
Low testosterone is typically associated with males, but females can also experience it, albeit in smaller amounts. In women, it can affect reproductive health, mood, and bone density.
There’s a nip in the air and the sun has started shying away. With the onset of winter, conditions are rife to help trigger a host of respiratory problems, seasonal allergies and hyperactive sinuses. The cold air tightens our nasal passages, causing congestion. Dry indoor heating leads to irritation, leading to sinus headaches. Copious warm beverages and steamy hot food become our go-to solution for some hydration and warmth. During this time the most common form of nasal congestion comes in the form of sinusitis. As per studies and data by NIAID, India has reported up to 134 million cases of sinusitis in a year.
While initially it gives flu-like symptoms, we often tend to opt for home remedies like a warm compress, saline drops, steam etc. for quick relief from symptoms. However, it is always advisable to visit a doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
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Sinus refers to air-filled cavities in the skull connected to our nasal passages through narrow vent-like passages. We are normally born with 4 pairs of sinuses, each lined by a thin watery fluid called mucus membrane. This helps the sinuses drain out any form of bacteria, allergies, and other pathogens from your nose and keeps it clean.
Allergies, bacterial infections, and viral infections can irritate and clog up the sinuses with fluid. It further leads to nasal congestion (stuffy nose) and ends up causing pain all over your face in severe congestion triggering inflammation or swelling. This swelling or inflammation of the tissue lining our sinuses is known as Sinusitis. In this case, the otherwise watery mucus turns sticky and refuses to flow out of the nasal passage.
Sinusitis can stem from different sources, including viruses, bacteria, nasal polyps, or allergies. In cases of persistent or recurring sinusitis, there may be underlying factors that necessitate specific treatment. Consulting with a healthcare professional is vital to comprehending your unique situation and devising an effective plan moving forward.
Watch out for the specific triggers for sinusitis, which are:
Sinusitis may affect anybody. But there are risk factors and medical disorders that might raise your odds. People more susceptible to sinusitis might contract it via to germs in certain scenarios, such as:
You Can Also Read: Deviated Nasal Septum
The common symptoms of a sinus infection include:
The symptoms of sinusitis vary, however, there are several varieties. The symptoms will differ in terms of intensity and length.
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Acute Sinusitis:
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Recurrent Acute Sinusitis:
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Subacute Sinusitis:
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Chronic Sinusitis:
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Medical professionals identify sinusitis by looking at your medical history and symptoms. A medical professional will examine your throat, nose, and ears for swelling, drainage, or obstruction. An endoscope is a tiny, illuminated device that they could use to examine the inside of your nose.
You could also receive a referral from your doctor to a specialist, such as an otolaryngologist, or ENT (ear, nose, and throat specialist).
Your doctor may prescribe some tests to identify a sinus infection, such as:
You Can Also Read: Tinnitus Explained: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
The different treatments for sinusitis are:
To help ease nasal congestion, try these simple medical and home remedies for temporary relief:
If you’re in pain due to facial pressure from sinus congestion, several over-the-counter drugs may be able to temporarily ease the discomfort while the other medications prescribed by your ENT work their magic.
Depending on the severity and cause of your symptoms and tests performed your ENT might prescribe antibiotics, especially in case of fever, eye swelling, facial pain or headaches, cough, congestion and runny nose.
Doctors usually prescribe a full course of antibiotics which lasts up to 2 weeks. Ensure you don’t skip your medication else the problem will be recurring. If this does not help, it is time to revisit your ENT and get a further assessment done to arrive at a desired treatment.
If medicine and time do not relieve your chronic sinusitis, you may need surgery. This is especially true in the case of nasal polyps and deviated septum. To repair this and clear the sinuses, your ENT will suggest septoplasty surgery.
Sinus infections are common and treatable. Numerous factors, including viruses, germs, nasal polyps, or allergies, might cause them. If sinusitis happens often, and symptoms don’t improve or any of the above-mentioned symptoms mirror that of your own, then it is always advisable to seek medical help from an experienced ENT specialist. Timely care and help can ensure an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of your condition. Make sure you share everything with your physician and if the disease prolongs then seek expert help from an ENT surgeon.
At the CK Birla Hospital, we follow a patient-centric approach where not only do we provide solutions but also understand the comfort of each patient undergoing treatment. This not only helps patients make an informed decision about their health, heal better and manage any treatment-induced weakness. In case you need to consult an ENT specialist, reach out to us, or book a direct appointment at the CK Birla Hospital.
Acute sinusitis typically lasts for about two to four weeks. However, the duration can vary, and seeking medical advice is crucial for proper diagnosis and management of symptoms.
Yes, sinusitis can be caused by allergies. Allergic reactions to substances like pollen, dust, or pet dander can lead to inflammation in the nasal passages, contributing to sinusitis.
Yes, natural remedies for sinusitis symptoms include saline nasal irrigation, steam inhalation, staying hydrated, using a humidifier, and consuming warm fluids. Consult a healthcare professional for persistent or severe symptoms.
See a doctor for sinusitis if symptoms persist for more than 10 days, worsen after initial improvement, or are severe. Seek immediate medical attention for high fever, severe headache, or visual changes.
Yes, untreated sinusitis can lead to complications like chronic sinusitis, ear infections, and, in rare cases, meningitis or brain abscess. Seeking medical attention for persistent or severe symptoms is crucial.
This might take 4 days of fever and then a week of weakness but certainly not 4 hours. Instant relief over-the-counter medications only provide temporary relief.
मानसिक तनाव एक ग्लोबल चुनौती है जो जीवन के सभी क्षेत्रों के व्यक्तियों को प्रभावित कर रही है। इस ब्लॉग में हम मानसिक तनाव के मूल कारणों, लक्षणों, उपचार के विकल्पों और बचाव के उपायों के बारे में विस्तार से जानने की कोशिश करेंगे।
ये भी पढ़े: सिर में भारीपन के कारण और घरेलु इलाज
मानसिक तनाव के अनेक कारण हो सकते हैं। इन कारणों को समझने के बाद कुछ सावधानियां बरतने से इसेसे बचाव किया सकता है। इन कारणों में निम्न शामिल हैं:
ये भी पढ़े: सर्वाइकल पेन के लक्षण, कारण और घरेलू इलाज
और अधिक पढ़े: झड़ते, गिरते, कमजोर बालों के लिये वरदान हैं ये घरेलु उपाय
इन सबके अलावा, जीवन की प्रमुख घटनाएँ जैसे स्थानांतरण, तलाक, या किसी प्रियजन की मृत्यु आदि महत्वपूर्ण तनाव पैदा करते हैं। परिवर्तन को अपनाने के लिए भावनात्मक लचीलेपन और मुकाबला करने की रणनीतियों की आवश्यकता होती है। इस स्थिति में परिवार वाले, दोस्त और कुछ स्थितियों में विशेषज्ञ की सहायता आवश्यक होती है।
और अधिक पढ़े: मानसिक
मानसिक तनाव होने पर आप खुद में कुछ मुख्य लक्षणों को अनुभव कर सकते हैं जैसे कि:
और अधिक पढ़े: ठण्ड में अस्थमा के मरीज़ो को क्या सावधानियां रखनी चाइये?
और अधिक पढ़े: बीपी (ब्लड प्रेशर) कम करने के 5 उपाय
इन सबके अलावा, व्यवहार में परिवर्तन होना भी एक मुख्य लक्षण है। बढ़े हुए तनाव की प्रतिक्रिया के रूप में परिवार जनों, दोस्त और समाज से दुरी बनाना भी मानसिक तनाव के लक्षणों में से एक है। खाने की आदतों में बदलाव, जैसे ज़्यादा खाना या भूख न लगना, स्पष्ट हो जाते हैं।
और अधिक पढ़े: मोटापा और वजन घटाने के लिए कम्पलीट डाइट चार्ट
मानसिक तनाव का उपचार इसके कारणों पर निर्भर करता है। निदान की मदद से सटीक कारण की पुष्टि करने के बाद डॉक्टर उपचार के माध्यम का चयन करते हैं। इसके उपचार विकल्पों में निम्न शामिल हैं:
और अधिक पढ़े: सेरेब्रल पाल्सी: कारण, लक्षण और इलाज
Pain that is felt between the chest and pelvic areas is referred to as stomach pain. It may feel crampy, achy, dull, acute, or sporadic. Severe discomfort in the stomach can also be caused by parasitic, bacterial, or viral illnesses affecting the stomach and intestines.
Lower stomach pain is discomfort below the belly button, often caused by digestive issues, reproductive concerns, or other underlying conditions. Upper stomach pain is discomfort in the region above the belly button, potentially stemming from digestive problems, organ issues, or infections.
Should the discomfort linger or worsen, speak with your healthcare provider. If you are experiencing severe acute stomach discomfort, schedule a visit with your doctor so that you can identify the cause and begin the proper treatment.
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The symptoms of lower stomach pain may include:
Lower stomach pain can also be associated with frequent urination, severe pain, or bleeding, depending on the underlying cause. Conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or gynaecological issues may be present with these symptoms.
The common symptoms associated with upper stomach pain include:
Swallowing excess air, eating high-fat foods that delay stomach emptying, and even stress can contribute to abdominal bloating and lower stomach pain.
The following digestive and stomach-related illnesses can produce these symptoms:
The following reproductive organ-related conditions may be the source of these symptoms:
Other possible causes of these symptoms include:
Upper stomach pain can stem from various conditions, each with distinct symptoms and causes. Understanding these issues can help you recognize potential concerns and seek appropriate medical attention.
These are solid deposits in the gallbladder causing pain on the right side, including upper stomach pain, right shoulder pain, nausea, vomiting and back pain. Treatment is done through medication or gallbladder removal surgery.
It is a liver infection which causes right-sided upper stomach pain. Its types are Hepatitis A (contaminated food/water), Hepatitis B (serious, may lead to liver issues) and Hepatitis C (chronic viral infection). The symptoms include weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, fever and jaundice.
This is a pus-filled sac in the liver, causing right upper stomach pain. The symptoms are chest pain, clay-coloured stool, dark urine, appetite loss, fever and jaundice.
It’s an acid reflux which causes pain in the upper stomach. The symptoms include heartburn, chest pain, swallowing issues, sour taste and nighttime reflux-related symptoms.
A hiatal hernia occurs when your stomach protrudes through the diaphragm. The symptoms are heartburn, acid reflux, swallowing problems, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
It refers to the inflammation of the stomach lining. The symptoms include upper stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and feeling full after eating.
This is an open sore in the stomach or upper small intestine. The symptoms are burning stomach pain, fullness, bloating, heartburn and nausea.
This occurs when delayed stomach emptying interferes with digestion. The symptoms include upper stomach pain, vomiting, nausea, acid reflux and bloating.
It is an indigestion without an obvious cause. The symptoms are upper stomach pain, feeling full, bloating and nausea.
It is a lung infection that causes chest pain. The symptoms include shortness of breath, cough with phlegm, fever and fatigue.
This is an emergency condition, which causes intense left upper stomach pain. The symptoms are tenderness, shoulder pain, dizziness and confusion.
This occurs when your spleen swells due to infections or liver disease. The symptoms include feeling full, anaemia, frequent infections and fatigue.
It refers to the various conditions affecting the gallbladder. Some general symptoms are nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhoea, light-coloured stools and dark urine.
This is an inflammation of the pancreas, which causes left upper stomach pain. The symptoms include stomach pain, fever, nausea and vomiting.
It is a viral infection which leads to a painful rash. The symptoms are sensitivity, fluid-filled blisters, itching, pain and fever.
A variety of cancers cause upper stomach pain. The symptoms include unexplained weight loss, poor appetite, fatigue, nausea and jaundice.
It refers to the formation of loops in the small intestine. The symptoms are appetite loss, nausea, bloating, weight loss and diarrhoea.
Pregnancy can cause upper stomach pain due to natural changes in the body, but persistent or severe pain warrants medical evaluation.
First, your doctor will ask questions in an attempt to find out why you are experiencing these symptoms. They may want to know when you noticed the pain, what makes it worse, and whether you have experienced it before. A complete list of treatment options for the conditions that may cause stomach bloating and pelvic pain are beyond the scope of this article, but some examples of treatments for certain conditions include the following:
Bloating and lower stomach pain due to digestion issues or menstruation will typically resolve with time. You can do some things at home that may help relieve bloating and lower stomach pain due to certain causes:
Not all causes of upper stomach pain can be effectively treated through home remedies. OTC antacids might help ease indigestion if it appears to be a straightforward case. For general pain and inflammation, NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) might help. But these aren’t long-term solutions for persistent pain. See a healthcare practitioner if you have frequent pain or if your current pain management isn’t providing adequate relief.
A medical professional will evaluate you physically and inquire about your medical history. They may also run tests to narrow down the cause of your upper stomach pain. These might include imaging tests of your tissues and organs and blood tests that check for infections and inflammation. Based on their diagnosis, they will propose a course of therapy to you.
There are several potential reasons for stomach discomfort, both well-known and less-known. Medical professionals attempt to focus by gathering as much information as they can on your discomfort, so it is always advisable to seek medical help from an experienced gastroenterologist. Timely care and help can ensure an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of your condition.
At the CK Birla Hospital, we ensure patients get holistic medical support which includes treatment in a compassionate environment. This patient-centric approach not only helps patients heal better but also ensures they are aware of the preventive measures as well. In case you need to consult a gastroenterologist, reach out to us, or book a direct appointment at the CK Birla Hospital.
If you experience severe or persistent stomach pain, especially accompanied by other concerning symptoms like fever, vomiting blood, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention to rule out serious conditions.
Yes, stress and anxiety can contribute to stomach pain. The gut-brain connection influences digestive processes, and heightened stress levels may lead to symptoms like abdominal discomfort, cramping, or changes in bowel habits.
Dietary changes to prevent stomach pain include maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, avoiding trigger foods (spicy or fatty), and incorporating fibre-rich foods.
Differentiating between indigestion and a more serious condition involves considering factors like the duration, severity, and associated symptoms. Persistent or severe symptoms warrant medical evaluation to rule out underlying issues.
The illness known as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterised by recurrent undesirable thoughts and feelings (obsessions) that drive the sufferer to engage in repetitive behaviours (compulsions). Repeated behaviours can seriously hinder everyday duties and social interactions.
Though symptoms of OCD might fluctuate over time, the disorder is often lifelong (chronic). At some point, everyone has compulsions and obsessions. OCD may consume a person’s day for hours at a time. It interferes with daily living and activities. OCD sufferers don’t like engaging in obsessive behaviours, and their obsessions are undesired.
It is crucial to acknowledge that obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, is a mental health issue. Seeking assistance as soon as symptoms arise will help lessen the disturbances to your life, as is the case with any mental health issues. You may minimise or even completely eradicate the influence of your symptoms on your daily life with the support of a variety of coping mechanisms and professional therapy.
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OCD presents two main symptoms: obsessions and compulsions. While some experience both, others have only one.
These symptoms are persistent, requiring at least an hour daily and significantly impacting daily life. Obsessions or compulsions can hinder focus at school or work, even preventing attendance. Despite realising their irrationality, these thoughts and behaviours often feel uncontrollable, illustrating the challenging nature of living with OCD.
Though obsessive thoughts can include a wide range of topics, the following are some prevalent themes:
Unwanted, intrusive thoughts persist despite efforts to ignore or suppress them, fostering a stronger conviction they might come true.
Examples of compulsive behaviours in OCD include:
Compulsions are responses to obsessions. When obsessions arise, you may feel compelled to act to relieve anxiety or prevent the obsessive thought from coming true. Actions may need repeating until perfect.
You Can Also Read: Mental health 101: Getting the basics right
While there isn’t a single classification for the many varieties of OCD, experts usually separate the symptoms into several subtypes:
Your symptoms might align with one subtype or fall into multiple categories, given the complexity.
Nor are these the only hypothesised subtypes of OCD. Other unrecognised OCD “types” consist of:
While the exact cause of OCD remains unknown, a family history of the condition may play a major role in the disorder’s development. If you have a close family who has OCD, your chances of getting it are higher.
If you’re genetically more likely to develop OCD, other factors can also increase your chances of developing the condition, such as:
OCD often occurs with other mental health conditions, including eating disorders, social anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, Tourette syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Even with a family history and risk factors, developing OCD isn’t guaranteed. Individuals with no known risks may still have OCD.
You Can Also Read: Basic Facts About Aphasia – What You Need to Know
An OCD test does not exist. A medical professional asks you about your symptoms and past medical and mental health issues before making the diagnosis. They employ a set of standards, which consist of:
A wise place to start when looking for beneficial treatment options is by getting in touch with a therapist who has expertise with OCD.
OCD patients typically receive both medication and psychotherapy as part of their treatment.
If you don’t feel better right away, don’t stop taking your SSRIs as prescribed; it may take 8 to 12 weeks for them to start working.
Typically, mental health providers advise therapy as a component of a multimodal treatment plan.
Medication can often help relieve symptoms, but by working with a therapist, you can also learn tools to manage unwanted thoughts and change unhelpful patterns of behaviour and strategies to improve relaxation and cope with emotional distress.
Therapy approaches recommended for OCD include:
Additionally, there is little evidence in favour of brain stimulation for OCD symptoms.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition which can wax and wane for a long time. When OCD sufferers obtain the right care, their quality of life frequently improves along with their ability to function in social, academic, and/or professional settings. It is always advisable to seek medical help from an experienced psychiatrist. Timely care and help can ensure an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of your condition.
At the CK Birla Hospital, we ensure patients get holistic medical support which includes treatment in a compassionate environment. This patient-centric approach not only helps patients heal better but also ensures they are aware of the preventive measures as well. In case you need to consult a psychiatrist, reach out to us, or book a direct appointment at the CK Birla Hospital.
Normal behaviour involves occasional, manageable thoughts. In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), intrusive thoughts persist, leading to compulsive behaviours performed to reduce anxiety, affecting daily life significantly.
Therapy, particularly cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) are crucial for OCD treatment. It helps individuals manage obsessions and compulsions, fostering healthier thought patterns and behaviours.
Yes, support groups for individuals with OCD provide a valuable community where people can share experiences, coping strategies, and emotional support, fostering a sense of understanding and connection.
Yes, children can develop OCD. The onset often occurs between late childhood and early adulthood, and early intervention through therapy and support is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes.
OCD is typically a chronic condition, but it can be effectively managed with a combination of therapy, medication, and support. While there is no cure, many individuals experience significant improvement with treatment.
अनिद्रा एक व्यापक स्लीप डिसऑर्डर है जो दुनिया भर में लाखों लोगों को प्रभावित करता है। यह किसी के जीवन की गुणवत्ता को महत्वपूर्ण रूप से प्रभावित कर सकता है, जिससे दिन में थकान, चिड़चिड़ापन और कॉग्निटिव फंक्शनिंग कम हो सकती है।
अनिद्रा कई कारणों से उत्पन्न हो सकती है, जिन्हें मोटे तौर पर तीन मुख्य समूहों में वर्गीकृत किया जा सकता है: इसमें मनोवैज्ञानिक, चिकित्सा और जीवनशैली कारक शामिल हैं।
उच्च स्तर का तनाव या पुरानी चिंता आपके लिए आराम करना और नींद सोना मुश्किल बना सकती है। मन में आते-जाते रहने वाले विचार और चिंताएँ दिमाग को सक्रिय रख सकती हैं, जिससे नींद आने में दिक्कत हो सकती है।
और अधिक पढ़े: मिनिस्कस टियर का कारण, लक्षण और उपचार (Meniscus Tear in Hindi)
क्रोनिक दर्द जैसे कि गठिया, फाइब्रोमायल्गिया या पीठ दर्द जैसी स्थितियां असुविधा का कारण बन सकती हैं जिसके कारण नींद में खलल पैदा होती है।
इसके अलावा, तंत्रिका संबंधी विकार जैसे कि पार्किंसंस रोग या रेस्टलेस लेग सिंड्रोम जैसी स्थितियां नींद की गुणवत्ता में बाधा डाल सकती हैं।
अनियमित नींद कार्यक्रम, अत्यधिक कैफीन या शराब का सेवन, और सोने के समय की अनियमित दिनचर्या अनिद्रा में योगदान कर सकती है।
और अधिक पढ़े: झड़ते, गिरते, कमजोर बालों के लिये वरदान हैं ये घरेलु उपाय
शीघ्र हस्तक्षेप और उपचार के लिए अनिद्रा के लक्षणों को पहचानना महत्वपूर्ण है। अनिद्रा विभिन्न तरीकों से प्रकट हो सकती है, और इसकी गंभीरता हर व्यक्ति में अलग-अलग हो सकती है। सामान्य लक्षणों में निम्न शामिल हैं:
इसके अलावा, चिड़चिड़ापन, मूड में बदलाव और तनाव के प्रति बढ़ती संवेदनशीलता पुरानी अनिद्रा के सामान्य भावनात्मक लक्षण हैं।
और अधिक पढ़े: मिर्गी क्या है – कारण, लक्षण और इलाज (Epilepsy, Seizure in Hindi)
अनिद्रा का प्रभावी उपचार इसके अंतर्निहित कारणों की पहचान करने और उसके अनुसार मेडिकल हस्तक्षेप करने पर निर्भर करता है। उपचार के तरीकों को गैर-फार्माकोलॉजिकल (व्यवहारिक) और फार्माकोलॉजिकल तरीकों में वर्गीकृत किया जा सकता है।
अनिद्रा के लिए संज्ञानात्मक व्यवहार थेरेपी (सीबीटी-आई): सीबीटी-आई एक संरचित, साक्ष्य-आधारित प्रक्रिया है जो अनिद्रा से जुड़े विचार पैटर्न और व्यवहार को बदलने पर केंद्रित है। इसमें विश्राम प्रशिक्षण, नींद प्रतिबंध और उत्तेजना नियंत्रण जैसी तकनीकें शामिल हैं।
कुछ मामलों में, डॉक्टर अनिद्रा को प्रबंधित करने में मदद के लिए दवाएं लिख सकते हैं। सामान्य दवाओं में बेंजोडायजेपाइन या गैर-बेंजोडायजेपाइन जैसी शामक-कृत्रिम निद्रावस्था वाली दवाएं शामिल हैं। इनका उपयोग चिकित्सीय देखरेख में और निर्भरता के जोखिम के कारण केवल अल्पकालिक राहत के लिए किया जाना चाहिए।
कुछ लोगों को वेलेरियन रूट या कैमोमाइल जैसे हर्बल सप्लीमेंट का उपयोग करके अनिद्रा से राहत मिलती है। इन उपचारों का उपयोग करने से पहले एक विशेषज्ञ से परामर्श करना आवश्यक है। साथ ही, कुछ लोगों के लिए नींद की गुणवत्ता में सुधार और अनिद्रा के लक्षणों को कम करने में एक्यूपंक्चर फायदेमंद हो सकता है।
When it comes to matters of the heart, even the smallest problems can lead to bigger issues, which is why heart health is vital for our well-being. While people are mostly aware of the commonly used cardiovascular terms, sometimes few phrases are unknowingly misused in regular parlance. Two of the most misinterpreted phrases are “Heart Attack” & “Cardiac Arrest”.
The Myth: Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest are the same.
Fact: NO
In reality, heart attack and cardiac arrest are as different as oranges and lemons. They both belong to the same citrus category, however are two different plants. Similarly, heart attack and cardiac arrest are both related to our cardiovascular health, but physiologically their mechanism is totally different.
| How to know if it is a heart attack? | When do you call it a cardiac arrest? |
| A strong stifling sensation somewhere in the middle of your chest cavity. | It starts with a sudden pain in the heart, followed by lack of pulse and consciousness. |
| A pain that does not relieve by itself and keeps building even when you rest. | Blood circulation stops, oxygen does not reach all parts of the body, and affects breathing. |
| The process can be slow, lasting a few hours or sudden. | This is more sudden and often more fatal than a heart attack. |
As we know heart is a muscle, so it will react like every other muscle and stay healthy as long as there is proper circulation of blood and oxygen. But what if you get a cramp in this muscle, the heart will stiffen up and abruptly stop pumping blood, the entire body’s circulation will stop, oxygen will not circulate and eventually, the body will stop breathing. This situation is what we call in medical parlance a V-Fib. In such an event, always rush to the nearest hospital for emergency medical attention.
Either way, it is a critical medical emergency that will need immediate attention. So, when in doubt, it is always advisable to check up with your doctor.
Also Read: Healthy Diet Chart for High Blood Pressure Patients
The Myth: Cardiac Arrest is a medical term for Heart Attack.
Fact: NO
Interestingly, both are valid medical terms that signify two different heart conditions. Technically heart attacks are called MI or myocardial infarction.
Over time when bad cholesterol builds up and clogs the arteries, it leads to obstructing the passage of blood and oxygen into our heart. Due to this obstruction despite having healthy muscle strength, the heart does not receive oxygen-filled blood. Lack of supply over a short period of time triggers a chain reaction where the heart muscle starts dying. This is indicated by the pain and stifling sensation suggesting you seek help.
If ignored, gradually this leads to breathlessness and vascular spasms triggering a sudden cardiac arrest, where the heart stops pumping blood completely. Technically, this event is called cardiopulmonary arrest or circulatory arrest. Therefore, heart attack if not dealt with properly will lead to cardiac arrest, but not vice versa. So, both the terms clearly cannot be used interchangeably.
You Can Also Read: Cardiac Arrest vs. Heart Attack: Know the Key Differences & Signs
The Myth: Surviving a heart attack is tougher than surviving a cardiac arrest.
Fact: NO
First of all, congratulations if you are a survivor. It does not matter which side you experienced, at the end of the day you live to tell the tale and that is a job well done for us at healthcare.
Secondly, patient survival patterns are unique to each case and rehabilitation plays a big role in recovery.
| Recovery from heart attack | Recovery from cardiac arrest |
| Mild heart attacks might not need surgery. Severe cases need open-heart or bypass surgery (CABG) | It starts with a sudden pain in the heart, followed by lack of pulse and consciousness. |
| In case of surgery attention must be given to restore nerve health and ensure the surgical changes are well accepted by the body. | Blood circulation stops, oxygen does not reach all parts of the body, and affects breathing. |
| The process can be slow, lasting a few hours or sudden. | This is more sudden and often more fatal than a heart attack. |
If other complications exist, the same needs to be explored under proper medical advice.
| Common causes of a heart attack | Common causes of cardiac arrest |
| Lack of proper diet, increased bad cholesterol levels. | Heart attack from coronary heart disease (CHD) |
| Excessive consumption of alcohol, drugs or cigarettes. | Cardiomyopathy and genetic heart conditions. |
| Hypertension, high pressure and blood clotting. | Congenital heart disease or heart valve disease. |
| Stress, depression and lifestyle problems. | Arrhythmia and acute myocarditis (inflammation in heart muscle). |
Cardiac Arrest needs prompt attention to revive the heart muscle in time to keep the body’s
circulation intact. Since the body often suddenly collapses, survivors sometimes show the same
symptoms that a brain stroke survivor might have, such as partial paralysis. Since the heart’s pumping rhythm needs to be perfect to avoid cardiac arrest, specialists recommend regular checkups to check on symptoms like arrhythmia. Identifying the cause helps identify the path to recovery.
Those patients who are prescribed pacemakers need to be extra cautious regarding their heart
health. A simple pacemaker malfunction can also lead to cardiac arrest. Hence a routine check-up is of utmost importance.
To conclude, when it comes to healthcare, never rely on hearsay. Always consult a proper medical practitioner and seek their advice. If you have doubts about your heart health or concerns for someone you know, feel free to book a consultation today.
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य हमारे समग्र स्वास्थ्य का एक महत्वपूर्ण अंग है, फिर भी हमारे समाज में इसे अक्सर नजरअंदाज और कलंकित किया जाता है। हाल के वर्षों में, मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के महत्व, इसके विकारों और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य को प्राथमिकता देने की आवश्यकता के बारे में जागरूकता और समझ बढ़ रही है।
यह भी पढ़े: मुंह में छाला होने के कारण, लक्षण और उपचार | Mouth Ulcers in Hindi
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मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के प्रति जागरूकता मानसिक स्वास्थ्य मुद्दों के बारे में सार्वजनिक ज्ञान और समझ बढ़ाने का एक अभियान है। इसमें विषयों की एक विस्तृत श्रृंखला शामिल है, जिसमें समझ को बढ़ावा देना, समाज में इसके प्रति मौजूद कलंक की भावना को कम करना और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के बारे में खुली बातचीत को प्रोत्साहित करना शामिल है। इसका लक्ष्य एक ऐसा वातावरण तैयार करना है जहां जरूरत पड़ने पर कोई भी सहायता मांगने में सहज महसूस करे।
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य समग्र स्वास्थ्य का एक अभिन्न अंग है। जिस तरह एक पूर्ण जीवन के लिए शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य आवश्यक है, उसी तरह मानसिक स्वास्थ्य तनाव से निपटने, रिश्ते बनाने और जीवन का पूरा आनंद लेने के लिए आवश्यक है।
इन सबके अलावा, अच्छा मानसिक स्वास्थ्य दूसरों से जुड़ने की हमारी क्षमता को बढ़ाता है। यह सहानुभूति, समझ और स्वस्थ संबंधों को बढ़ावा देता है, जो हमारे लिए सामाजिक और भावनात्मक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है।
और अधिक पढ़े : विटामिन डी की कमी से होने वाले नुक्सान एवं बढ़ाने के उपचार
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य से जुड़े विकार ऐसी स्थितियां हैं जो किसी व्यक्ति के विचारों, भावनाओं और व्यवहार को प्रभावित करती हैं। ये विकार किसी व्यक्ति के दैनिक जीवन, रिश्तों और समग्र स्वास्थ्य पर महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव डाल सकते हैं। इसमें मुख्य रूप से निम्न शामिल हो सकते हैं:
इसके अलावा, सब्स्टेंस यूज डिसऑर्डर यानी मादक द्रव्य उपयोग विकारों में शराब या नशीली दवाओं का दुरुपयोग शामिल है, जिससे शारीरिक और मनोवैज्ञानिक निर्भरता होती है। वे अक्सर अन्य मानसिक स्वास्थ्य समस्याओं के साथ सह-घटित होते हैं।
मानसिक बीमारी के लक्षणों को पहचानना समय पर मेडिकल हस्तक्षेप और उपचार के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है। इसके सामान्य लक्षणों में निम्न शामिल हैं:
इस बात पर ध्यान देना महत्वपूर्ण है कि इनमें से एक या अधिक लक्षणों का अनुभव करने का मतलब यह नहीं है कि आपको मानसिक विकार है, क्योंकि ये लक्षण तनाव या अस्थायी जीवन चुनौतियों का भी परिणाम हो सकते हैं।
और अधिक पढ़े : सेरेब्रल पाल्सी: कारण, लक्षण और इलाज
अच्छा मानसिक स्वास्थ्य बनाए रखना एक सतत प्रक्रिया है जिसमें आत्म-देखभाल, परिवार वालों और दोस्तों से मांगना और स्वस्थ विकल्प चुनना शामिल है। मानसिक स्वास्थ्य को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप निम्न उपायों को अपना सकते हैं:
साथ ही, मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के प्रति समाज में मौजूद कलंक की भावना को कम करने और समझ को बढ़ावा देने के लिए मानसिक स्वास्थ्य और विकारों के बारे में अधिक से अधिक जानकारी प्राप्त करें। अपने आसपास के लोगों के साथ मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के बारे में खुली बातचीत को प्रोत्साहित करें।
Kidneys are your two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs. Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries your excreted urine to the bladder. The kidney participates in the removal of toxins, various electrolyte concentrations, acid-base balance, fluid osmolality and control of the volume of various body fluids.
Sometimes, the kidneys may not function due to chronic kidney disease, acute kidney failure or other kidney issues. Dialysis is a life-saving treatment that can take the place of the function of failing kidneys. It works by filtering your blood to help restore both electrolyte and fluid balances.
There are also complications and risks to consider, as well as problems with treatment access. Talk with a doctor about the pros and cons of dialysis, and ask them which type might be best for your situation.
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By eliminating extra fluid and waste from your body, the kidneys filter your blood. When you urinate, the bladder receives this waste and excretes it.
When your kidneys can not perform well due to injury or disease, dialysis can help keep the body running using a machine. Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys perform only 10% to 15% of their typical function. Salts and other waste items build up in the blood without dialysis, which can harm other organs.
Types of dialysis can include CRRT (continuous renal replacement therapy), peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.
Hemodialysis is a form of dialysis that uses a filter called a hemodialyzer to remove extra fluid and waste from the blood.
To get access to your blood vessels, a doctor conducts a little surgical procedure. This is done in advance, as it might take several months to heal.
The 3 types of entrance points include:
Both the AV graft and AV fistula are designed for long-term dialysis treatments. Catheters are designed for temporary or short-term use.
Your blood is drawn from your body during therapy and sent through the hemodialyzer to be purified. The body receives the filtered blood back after that with the aid of a dialysis machine.
Hemodialysis treatments last about four hours each, up to three times per week. You might also have hemodialysis treatment in shorter, more frequent sessions.
At first, most hemodialysis treatments are performed at a dialysis centre, doctor’s office or a hospital. The length of treatment depends on your current health, the amount of waste in your body and your body size.
After you have been on hemodialysis for an extended period, you might be ready to give yourself dialysis treatments at home. People who require long-term therapy frequently choose this alternative.
Peritoneal dialysis uses a PD (peritoneal dialysis) catheter in your abdomen to filter your blood. The catheter filters blood through the peritoneum, a membrane in your abdomen.
A doctor performs surgery to implant the catheter. This usually happens about 3 weeks in advance.
You normally receive training from a dialysis nurse for a couple of weeks before dialysis to learn to perform the exchanges and care for the catheter site.
Dialysate, a unique fluid used in therapy, enters the peritoneum. The dialysate absorbs waste. Once the dialysate draws waste out of the bloodstream, it is drained from your abdomen.
This process can take a few hours and needs to be repeated three to five times daily. But this fluid exchange can happen while you are awake or sleeping, and even during daily activities.
Types of peritoneal dialysis include:
After treatment, you will need to take care of your catheter, exit site, and other supplies to prevent infection.
CRRT is used mainly in the intensive care unit for people with acute kidney failure. It is also known as hemofiltration.
A machine passes the blood through the tubing. After that, a filter eliminates waste and water. A machine returns the blood to the body, along with replacement fluid. This process is carried out for at least 24 hours at a time.
You Can Also Read: 10 kidney disease symptoms to watch out for
All 3 forms of kidney dialysis can carry certain risks:-
Peritoneal dialysis might increase your risk of infections in or around the catheter site, like peritonitis. Other risks include:
Long-term dialysis patients run the danger of contracting other illnesses, such as amyloidosis.
After learning they have long-term renal failure, some patients experience anxiety or sadness. If you are having thoughts associated with depression, talk with a mental health professional or a member of your care team.
You Can Also Read: Diet Chart for Kidney Patients
Other treatment options might help manage your symptoms if you decide not to pursue dialysis.
One option is anaemia management. When the kidneys work correctly, the EPO (hormone erythropoietin) is produced naturally. You can receive an EPO injection once a week to help with a kidney that isn’t working properly.
You can decrease kidney degeneration by keeping your blood pressure in a healthy range. Drink fluids to avoid dehydration. Before using any anti-inflammatory medications, see a doctor.
A kidney transplant might be an option. Find out if a transplant is right for you by speaking with a doctor. A kidney transplant may not be an option for you if you:
Dialysis can temporarily serve the same function as kidneys until your kidneys repair themselves and begin to work on their own again.
But if you have chronic kidney disease, you usually go on dialysis permanently or until a kidney transplant becomes an option.
While on hemodialysis, you will need to limit your sodium, phosphorus and potassium intake. You might need to keep a record of how much liquid you consume. Problems might arise from having too much fluid in the body.
A kidney doctor (nephrologist) usually has a dietician on the team to help guide dietary choices.
Maintaining a regular dialysis schedule will help lessen your need for a kidney transplant.
If you are considering stopping dialysis, mention any concerns to a doctor.
While it is in your right to stop any treatment at any time, they might suggest you talk with a mental health professional before ending this life-saving treatment. If the condition causing kidney failure has not been corrected, stopping dialysis will eventually lead to death.
Your kidneys perform many vital roles, including the removal of toxins. Sometimes, they may not function properly due to a disease or kidney failure. Kidney dialysis is a life-saving therapy but it also has risks and complications to consider, so it is always advisable to seek medical help from an experienced nephrologist. Timely care and help can ensure an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of your condition.
At the CK Birla Hospital, we ensure patients get holistic medical support which includes treatment in a compassionate environment. This patient-centric approach not only helps patients heal better but also ensures they are aware of the preventive measures as well. In case you need to consult a nephrologist, reach out to us, or book a direct appointment with Dr. Umesh Gupta at the CK Birla Hospital.
The dialysis treatment itself is painless. However, some patients might have a drop in their blood pressure that could lead to cramps, headaches, vomiting or nausea. However, if you take care to follow your fluid restrictions and kidney diet, these types of side effects can be avoided.
Life expectancy on dialysis differs depending on how well you follow your treatment plan, your other medical conditions and various other factors. The usual life expectancy on dialysis is 5 to 10 years. Many patients, nevertheless, have successfully maintained a 20- or 30-year dialysis regimen.
