Women’s health is influenced by a complex interplay of biological, social, economic, and environmental factors, impacting various aspects of their well-being including reproductive health, mental health, and overall health. According to WHO (World Health Organisation), the top five issues for women’s health include cancer (cervical, breast), reproductive health, maternal health, HIV, and STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection). One such condition that is often undiagnosed or overlooked leading to potential long-term consequences if left untreated is PCOD.
Table of Contents
PCOD – Polycystic Ovary Disorder, as the name implies is a condition where ovaries produce too many immature eggs that over time develop into cysts. PCOD is defined as a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Globally, around 6 – 13% of women of reproductive age are affected by PCOD. Polycystic ovary disorder is a prevalent hormonal disorder yet the majority of the women are unaware of the symptoms and overlook the symptoms as normal. Women suffering or diagnosed with PCOD often experience irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth, acne, issues with conceiving, and more. According to several reports around 9 – 22% of Indian women are affected by PCOD. The condition if left untreated can lead to severe health concerns including, diabetes, obesity, heart disease, pregnancy complications, and more.
PCOD & PCOS, you may have heard people use the word interchangeably, but here’s what differs. PCOD (Polycystic Ovary Disorder) and PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) are both ovarian conditions that cause cysts and hormonal imbalance, however, PCOS is a more severe condition that can lead to metabolic issues. PCOS is a condition where ovaries may not release eggs regularly unlike PCOD where ovaries release many immature or partially mature eggs. Also, women suffering from PCOS may require medical help to conceive while PCOD patients can conceive with a bit of lifestyle changes. The table below compares both conditions:
| Basis | PCOS – Polycystic Ovary Syndrome | PCOD – Polycystic Ovary Disorder |
| Nature | Syndrome – more serious | Disorder – less severe |
| Ovulation | Absent or very irregular | Often occurs, may be irregular |
| Fertility | Affected, may require medical help to conceive | Can conceive naturally with lifestyle changes |
| Hormonal Imbalance | Significant hormonal imbalance | Mild hormonal imbalance |
| Long-term Risks | Higher risk of diabetes, heart disease | Lower risk of developing severe conditions |
There are several symptoms that may indicate PCOD though these signs can at times be common and often overlooked, it is important to notice the changes. According to Unicef.org, about one-third of menstruating women around the world suffer from PCOD. Some of the common symptoms of PCOD include:
The most common sign of PCOD is irregular periods (delayed, early or missed). Individuals diagnosed with PCOD often experience heavy bleeding or sometimes light or scanty periods.
PCOD can also lead to unexplained weight gain and even cause difficulty losing weight. Women suffering from PCOD may notice fat accumulation around the abdomen.
PCOD can cause changes to the skin and hair like acne or oily skin, dandruff, hair thinning on the scalp, an increase in facial and body hair, etc.
Another sign that may indicate PCOD. Women suffering from PCOD may experience irregular ovulation that may cause issues while conceiving and hormonal issues affecting egg maturation.
A common sign of PCOD is related to increased levels of male hormones leading to excess facial or body hair.
The exact cause of PCOD is still unknown, however, it can result from a combination of genetics, hormonal imbalance, inflammation, and other factors.
PCOD often runs in families, there’s a 50% chance of developing the condition if their immediate female relatives (mother, sister) have it.
The pancreas secretes insulin which aids in controlling blood sugar levels. Ovulation is impacted by the overproduction of androgens caused by an elevated insulin level. Additionally, being overweight or inactive can worsen the condition.
Conditions like PCOD and other related disorders can also be brought on by unhealthy lifestyle choices like excessive junk food consumption, smoking, and drinking too much alcohol.
Being overweight can worsen insulin resistance and worsen the condition and make it more noticeable. Additionally, some women may experience symptoms like irregular periods, and excess hair growth until they gain weight.
PCOD can also be caused by low-grade inflammation for a variety of reasons which can cause the ovaries to overproduce androgens.
Also Read: PCOD Diet Chart That Actually Works – Eat Right to Beat Hormonal Imbalance.
For accurate detection of polycystic ovary disorder, a thorough medical examination by a gynaecologist is essential. The specialist will review the symptoms and may suggest certain tests, a combination of imaging tests and physical examination helps accurately diagnose the condition. Some of the tests to diagnose PCOD include:
As of now, there is no permanent cure for PCOD, the treatment options help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life. Treatment options usually involve a combination of medications and lifestyle modifications. Treatment options involve:
Treatment through hormonal medicines involves taking birth control pills that help regular hormones, reduce androgen levels, and help with symptoms like acne and excessive hair growth.
Treatment involves using progestin pills or combined estrogen-progestin pills to regulate menstrual cycle, and androgen levels, and protect against endometrial cancer caused by untreated PCOS.
Ovulation-stimulating medicines like Clomiphene Citrate, Letrozole, etc. can help stimulate ovulation.
These medicines are used to treat type 2 diabetes, improve insulin sensitivity, and regulate menstrual cycles.
Other treatment options through lifestyle adjustment involve:
What is the full form of PCOD?
PCOD stands for Polycystic Ovarian Disease.
Why does PCOD occur?
PCOD can occur due to a combination of factors including, hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, genetic predisposition, etc.
Does PCOD affect pregnancy?
Yes, PCOD can affect pregnancy.
What is a bilateral PCOD?
Bilateral PCOD refers to a condition where both ovaries exhibit characteristics of polycystic ovaries.
Is PCOD curable?
There is no permanent cure for PCOD.
What is the difference between PCOD and PCOS?
PCOD and PCOS are both ovarian conditions that cause cysts and hormonal imbalance, however, PCOS is a severe condition that may cause significant hormonal imbalance, affect fertility, and lead to irregular ovulation.
