The infectious disease known as tuberculosis, or TB for short, is brought on by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Although it can also affect other sections of the body, its primary effect is on the lungs. Despite being preventable and curable, TB remains a significant global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Understanding its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment is crucial in combating this ancient disease.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs, though it can harm other organs like the brain or kidneys. It originates from the Latin word for “nodule.”
TB may remain latent without symptoms or progress to active disease, characterised by contagion and symptoms. Its stages include primary infection, latent TB infection, and active TB disease. Treatment is essential for sickness.
Latent TB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, may be asymptomatic for years before progressing to active TB disease. Active TB manifests various symptoms, primarily respiratory, but can affect other body parts.
TB spreading to other organs presents additional symptoms such as:
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The germ that causes tuberculosis, or TB, is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Various strains of TB exist, some of which have developed resistance to medication.
TB bacteria are spread through infected droplets in the air, which can be inhaled by anyone nearby. Transmission can occur through actions such as sneezing, coughing, speaking, or singing.
Individuals with a strong immune system may not exhibit TB symptoms despite being infected, a condition referred to as latent or inactive TB infection. It is estimated that around a quarter of the global population carries latent TB.
Latent TB is not contagious, but it can progress to active disease over time. Active TB disease can cause illness and is also transmissible to others.
Over 95% of TB deaths occur in developing nations, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, India and parts of Asia.
TB is a top cause of death for HIV-positive people. Testing, HIV treatment adherence, avoiding TB exposure, quitting smoking, a balanced diet, and exercise prevent TB progression.
Healthcare professionals use a range of tests to diagnose TB, each with distinct considerations. These include:
Treatment for tuberculosis (TB) involves a combination of antibiotics taken over several months. This combination, known as “first-line” treatment, lasts at least six months. Patients must adhere strictly to their prescribed medication regimen and complete the entire course, even if symptoms improve. This prevents drug-resistant strains from emerging.
Monitoring by healthcare providers is crucial to assess treatment response and identify any side effects or complications. In cases of drug-resistant TB, treatment is more complex and may require different antibiotic combinations.
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In low-risk areas, understanding TB prevention is crucial. Precautions remain essential, particularly in high-risk settings.
Tuberculosis remains a pressing global health concern, necessitating continued efforts in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. With collaborative action, we can strive towards a world free from the burden of TB. It is always advisable to seek medical help from an experienced pulmonologist. Timely care and help can ensure an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of your condition.
At the CK Birla Hospital, we ensure patients get holistic medical support which includes treatment in a compassionate environment. This patient-centric approach not only helps patients heal better but also ensures they are aware of the preventive measures as well. In case you need to consult a pulmonologist, reach out to us, or book a direct appointment at the CK Birla Hospital.
Yes, tuberculosis (TB) can be completely cured with appropriate antibiotic treatment, usually a combination of drugs taken for several months, ensuring eradication of the bacteria from the body.
When an infected individual coughs or sneezes, the disease spreads via the air. Prevention involves vaccination, early detection, treatment of infected individuals, and practising good respiratory hygiene to reduce transmission.
Yes, untreated TB can lead to serious complications such as lung damage, respiratory problems, and even death. Timely treatment can prevent long-term effects and promote recovery.
Close contacts and family members of TB patients should undergo screening for infection, receive preventive therapy if indicated, adhere to infection control measures, and follow up with healthcare providers for monitoring.
Signs of TB treatment failure or relapse include persistent symptoms, worsening of symptoms after initial improvement, positive sputum tests, and radiographic evidence of disease progression despite treatment. Prompt medical evaluation is essential.
