Pregnancy After Surviving Breast Cancer

Breast cancer refers to a condition where abnormal breast cells grow out of control and lead to a tumour. It can lead to a change in size and shape of the breast, a lump in the breast, dimpling or puckering of breast skin, and more. Breast cancer is the most common cancer that affects women in India. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer cases are surging globally one in 20 women getting diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. The treatment options are increasing, leading to reduced mortality and better treatment outcomes. However, after breast cancer treatment, individuals may experience both short-term and long-term complications like fatigue, hair loss, skin changes, heart problems, bone issues, etc. 

Pregnancy After Breast Cancer

Pregnancy and childbirth are among life’s most joyous occasions, but some medical conditions, such as breast cancer, can raise a concern about becoming a mother, particularly during treatment processes that involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery and other procedures. Sometimes the drugs or medicines used in these treatments may cause harm to the developing baby and lead to infertility. Though pregnancy after breast cancer is possible and is considered safe, however, it depends on several factors, including:

Cancer Type:

A successful pregnancy after breast cancer is also significantly influenced by the type of cancer. Breast cancer types, such as hormone receptor-positive, grow in response to hormones like oestrogen. And as pregnancy causes hormonal changes in the body, doctors recommend hormonal therapy before attempting to conceive. 

Treatment Type:

The type of treatment option also impacts pregnancy. Below are the treatment options and their impact on pregnancy:

Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy may reduce fertility by damaging the ovaries. 

Radiation:

Considered less harmful if not directed near the ovaries. 

Hormonal Therapy:

Hormonal therapy is considered harmful to a developing fetus.

Age at the Time of Treatment:

Naturally, fertility declines with age, and if treatment is received in the late 30s or 40s, fertility may already be on the lower side, leading to issues while conceiving. 

Waiting Period: Doctors often recommend waiting for 2 years after finishing treatment before trying to conceive. It is usually the norm as recurrence is most likely in this period.

Also Read: Pregnancy Diet Chart for taking care of yourself & your baby.

Can I get Pregnant after Having Breast Cancer?

Yes, it is possible to get pregnant after breast cancer; many women around the globe are successfully conceiving post-treatment. Doctors often recommend, 

• Waiting for 2 years after treatment ends to avoid complications.
• Completing hormonal therapy, which often lasts 5 – 10 years. 

Pregnancy after breast cancer treatment ends is considered safe and does not increase the chance of recurrence, even in hormone-sensitive cases. Consulting an oncologist and fertility expert is also a good way to understand the risks and fertility conditions before planning the next steps.

How long should I wait after Breast Cancer Treatment to Get Pregnant?

The recommended waiting time depends on the type of breast cancer and treatment received. Certain factors that play a role here include: 

Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer:

If the treatment is done through hormonal therapy, which is usually prescribed for 5 – 10 years, pregnancy is not prescribed during this time. However, some planned breaks in therapy may be recommended by the doctor. 

Treatment through Chemotherapy:

If the treatment is done through chemotherapy, waiting until the menstrual cycle stabilizes and ovarian function is assessed, waiting until then is recommended. Additionally, fertility testing may help determine the chances of conceiving. 

General Recommendation:

It is usually advised to wait for at least 2 years after finishing the cancer treatment before trying to conceive. Waiting is recommended to allow the body to recover and avoid the risk of recurrence of breast cancer.

Also Read: 5 Common Cancers Affecting Women

Can I Breastfeed after Breast Cancer Treatment?

Breastfeeding after breast cancer treatment is considered safe in most cases. Breastfeeding also depends on the treatment type, i.e. treatment like mastectomy or radiation can directly impact milk production and make breastfeeding more difficult. Treatment types that impact breastfeeding include:

Double Mastectomy – Mastectomy involves removal of all the breast tissues, making breastfeeding impossible.

Radiation Therapy – Radiation may damage the milk ducts and glands, affecting the breast’s milk production. 

Breastfeeding is safe after breast cancer treatment, and it does not increase the risk of cancer recurrence and is safe for the mother. Also, it is safe for the baby if the mother is not on active cancer medication. 

Does my History of Breast Cancer put my Baby at Risk during Pregnancy?

No, a history of breast cancer does not put the baby at risk during pregnancy. Though there are certain factors, like treatment type, including chemotherapy or radiation therapy might affect a growing fetus, it is safer to wait until all treatment is complete before getting pregnant. It is also recommended to wait at least 2 years to avoid complications and prevent recurrence. 

Read More: Alcohol during pregnancy: Is it a wise choice?

Conclusion

If you are a breast cancer survivor and thinking about conceiving, it is recommended to consult your oncologist and fertility specialist. Understand the treatment and its effects on pregnancy. Also, if you are still on medications, it is crucial to talk to your doctor before conceiving, as some drugs might affect fetal development or might even enter the breast milk and affect the baby.