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Prostate cancer is among the top ten cancers affecting men across age groups. It is highly prevalent in India and is the 6th leading cause of death in men. Despite the figures, the rising incidence of this cancer can be controlled by practising prevention measures. Prostate cancer prevention is a conscious choice to substantially lower the risk of its spread.
In this article, Dr Shalabh Agrawal, the best urologist in Gurgaon, offers his insights on how to prevent prostate cancer.
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Before we help you with ways to prevent prostate cancer, let us get a general overview of what is prostate cancer all about.
Prostate cancer is the abrupt growth of cancer cells found in the prostate gland. The prostate is responsible for producing seminal fluid and promoting the reproductive health of a man.
Prostate cancer symptoms usually become visible when cancer has advanced. Some of the common symptoms include:
Prostate cancer can only be diagnosed by a verified medical expert. Most people present with the above-given symptoms and undergo a variety of tests to find that they have prostate cancer.
Any man can develop prostate cancer during his reproductive age. Some men, however, have an increased risk of getting prostate cancer (prostate cancer doctor). The common risk factors include:
Yes, prostate cancer prevention is possible and effective. Though there is no single strategy that ensures ways to prevent prostate cancer, a variety of precautionary measures can be successful.
Here are some expert-approved tips on how to prevent prostate cancer:
1. Load up on fruits and vegetables: A healthy diet filled with a range of fruits and vegetables is customary to prostate cancer prevention. Several studies have proved that the antioxidants present in these food items prevent damage to cells present in the prostate.
Red fruits such as tomatoes are rich in lycopene (an antioxidant). Lycopene has been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. Other fruits and vegetables that protect against this cancer are leafy greens such as spinach, beans, peas, blueberries, grapefruit, oranges and watermelon.
2. Consider taking vitamin supplements: Vitamins and minerals are essential to our overall well-being. They are regarded as significant in prostate cancer prevention guidelines.
However, maintaining a well-balanced intake of vitamins, minerals and proteins through natural means is not always possible. Supplements help us to compensate for any nutrient demand that has not been met.
3. Exercise most days of the week: The importance of exercise for cancer prevention is crystal clear. Irrespective of your body weight, you are advised to engage in physical activity regularly.
Exercising helps promote better blood circulation, removal of toxins from the body and uplifting mood. Your immune system will be strengthened even if you exercise at least 4 days a week.
4. Maintain a healthy weight: Prostate cancer is linked with obesity – the more overweight a person becomes, the higher his chances of cancer get. One of the most natural ways to prevent prostate cancer is to maintain a healthy weight. Exercising regularly is a great path for healthy body weight. Physical activity promotes the loss of excess weight and fats.
5. Quit smoking: Tobacco consumption has a direct impact on the development of cancerous cells in the prostate gland. If you smoke cigarettes, it is your time to quit for prostate cancer prevention. If you do not smoke, we suggest that you should not start.
6. Restrict alcohol intake: An uncontrolled consumption of alcohol impacts your heart health negatively. It can additionally worsen your blood pressure levels, blood cholesterol and cause other health problems. A limit on the intake of alcohol is one of the top prostate cancer prevention guidelines. If you are already living with prostate cancer risk factors, it is advised that you restrict your alcohol consumption.
7. Take in more Vitamin D: All vitamins are essential to a healthy mind and body. However, vitamin D has additional proven effects. It is among the natural ways to prevent prostate cancer.
You should extend your exposure to the sun along with eating foods rich in vitamin D. Foods that can prevent prostate cancer and are rich in vitamin D are mushrooms, salmon and more.
8. Stay sexually active: The prostate gland has direct involvement in your sexual health. A healthy sexual life is your answer to can prostate cancer be prevented. Men who ejaculate frequently are at a safer distance from developing cancer cells.
9. Live stress-free: Stress is a leading cause of health complications in men and women. A man who lives a stressful life is often faced with problems on the sexual front.
It is necessary to monitor your way of living and perform meditation to alleviate stress levels. A sedentary lifestyle along with high-stress levels can increase the risk of prostate cancer.
10. Get early screening: Prostate cancer symptoms are not easily detectable in the early stages. Sometimes men may misinterpret these signs and symptoms of other health conditions. It should be noted that early detection of prostate cancer is the best prevention measure.
If you are living with risk factors such as obesity, old age, family history or even a sedentary lifestyle, you should consider going for regular screening for prostate cancer prevention. Your healthcare provider would offer a full range of diagnostics and imaging services to detect the presence of a cancerous cell and offer relevant prostate cancer treatment
If the cancer is found in its early stages, effective treatment can be given so that the patient feels complete relief and cancer does not occur again.
Prostate cancer prevention can be successfully done by incorporating the above-given tips in your every day.
If you wish to learn more about your risk of prostate cancer, book a consultation with Dr Shalabh Agrawal, urologist & andrologist at the CK Birla Hospital for personalised guidance.
Visit the CK Birla Hospital for more details on prostate cancer prevention guidelines and treatment.
FAQs
Ques: What are the main causes of prostate cancer?
Ans: There is no single cause of prostate cancer. Medical experts believe a change in DNA in the prostate gland leads to cancer, over time.
Ques: Can I prevent prostate problems naturally?
Ans: Yes, you can prevent prostate problems naturally by following healthy lifestyle habits that involve a well-balanced low-fat diet, regular exercise, no smoking and drinking, more vitamin D and low levels of stress.
Ques: What foods kill prostate cancer?
Ans: Foods that may help in slowing down the spread of prostate cancer include broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, bok choy, spinach and kale.
Ques: Does Ejaculation cause or prevent Prostate Cancer?
Ans: Medical experts have found that more ejaculation is linked to a decreased prostate cancer risk.
Most Indians are concerned and well-informed about cardiac and arthritic conditions. While, surprisingly, the incidence rate of hernia is on a rise in the Indian population. More than 1 million Indians experience this ailment annually. A hernia is a common condition that often leads to the use of surgery for treatment. It is essential to learn about what is a hernia when the prevalence is so alarming.
In this article, a leading general surgeon in Gurgaon, talks about what is hernia disease, its causes and treatment options.
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A hernia is a condition that leads to the formation of an abnormal localised bulge of body organs or muscle tissues. This bulge pushes through the muscles that have been holding it in its original place.
A hernia is not a fatal condition. However, it can cause major levels of discomfort. Severe cases lead to other health complications associated with hernia. A hernia can occur anywhere between your chest and your groin. Most often, it appears on the abdomen and upper thighs.
There are several different types of hernias. Most common types include:
The other uncommon forms of hernia are incisional, epigastric, spigelian and diaphragmatic hernia.
A hernia, as mentioned above, appears in the form of a bulge. Depending on the contents of hernia and its location, it may disappear when you are lying down.
The bulge can be seen and felt. It aggravates when you cough, bend or put any pressure on the specific body part. Besides a visibly abnormal bulge, pain and discomfort are the symptoms associated with this condition.
Specific types of hernia can lead to more narrowed down symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty in swallowing, heartburn and more.
One of the fundamental causes of hernia is muscle weakness. A muscular wall keeps the abdominal organs in place. When muscles responsible for holding these organs and tissues in place become weak, they lose their strength resulting in a hernia.
The chances of occurrence of hernia increase with age as muscles tend to lose their tone and become lax. There are several reasons why muscles strain and become weak leading to hernia. Sometimes a weak muscle is present since birth and causes a gradual development of a hernia problem.
The most common causes of hernia include:
The above-given factors can impact anyone at any age since muscle straining can be caused irrespective of age and gender. However, some people are more likely to be affected by this condition than others. Your risk of developing hernia problem increase if:
A hernia problem is easily diagnosed with the help of a physical exam. Your healthcare provider (hernia doctor)will simply need to feel and analyse the bulge. Your doctor will evaluate your condition based on the information you provide regarding the severity of your symptoms.
Your doctor will ask you the first time you noticed a hernia, the kind of pain and discomfort it had been causing you, your lifestyle habits, your family history of the disease and your personal medical history.
If your doctor may suspect the need for additional screening tests to evaluate the location and contents of hernia properly. The additional tests include abdominal ultrasounds, CT scans, MRI, endoscopy and more.
Sometimes hernia problem can subside on its own. However, most of the times, it requires surgical intervention. If you have mild symptoms, your healthcare provider may suggest watchful waiting as a treatment protocol. Your condition will be monitored consistently and you will offer pain relief support.
If your symptoms are severe, your hernia treatment options only include surgical repair. Surgery for hernia can permanently fix your problem and give you instant relief from pain and discomfort.
Both hernia treatment options are highly effective and safe. However, small risks and complications such as infection, low-grade fever are associated with hernia surgery.
The laparoscopic surgery offers more benefits to the patients as compared to open surgery. It requires less hospital stay, bleeding, scarring and a decreased chance of infection.
An active and healthy lifestyle is the key to hernia prevention. You should practice the following tips and tricks to keep hernia at bay:
Prevention is only possible when most people grasp the concept of what is a hernia. Even if you have a non-symptomatic hernia, you should get it inspected by a healthcare provider to avoid any medical complications.
Ques: How serious is a Hernia problem?
An untreated hernia can cause various life-threatening complications. A hernia can get bigger and more painful.
Ques: Is a hernia painful?
Pain is a common symptom of hernia. However, whether the hernia is painful or not depends upon the location and size of the hernia.
Ques: What type of Hernia is most severe?
According to research, umbilical hernia is considered most severe among all types.
Ques: Do Hernias always require surgery?
Most hernia requires surgical intervention for permanent relief. Surgery is indicated only when the hernia is usually getting bigger with severe symptoms.
Often pain in the shoulder is inappropriately given a blanket diagnosis of ‘frozen shoulder’. The first course of action by most people is to undergo physiotherapy. However, it is not enough to have untargeted physical therapy without proper diagnosis. More than 50% of older adults with diabetes are affected with frozen shoulder. It is, thus, important to understand the basics of this ailment. In this article, Dr Praveen Tittal, the best shoulder specialist in Gurgaon, offers a complete guide of what is frozen shoulder and how to diagnose frozen shoulder.
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Frozen shoulder is a common musculoskeletal disorder that affects the shoulder joint. It is medically referred to as adhesive capsulitis.
This condition characterised by shoulder stiffness, pain and a restricted range of motion.
Primarily, the symptoms of a frozen shoulder include a dull pain and shoulder stiffness. You may also experience a similar pain spreading to your upper arm. In this condition, the sensation of discomfort tends to worsen in night.
A frozen shoulder progresses gradually in three stages. Each stage has a distinguished set of symptoms to look out for:
The anatomy of your shoulder consists of three bones. These bones are structured in a way that forms a ball and socket joint protected by a capsule of connective tissues. Over time, the connective tissues in the shoulder joint can become thicker, tighter, and inflamed. This stiffness limits the mobility of your shoulder and causes severe pain.
Frozen shoulder can affect any person irrespective of their age and gender. However, some population groups are more likely to be affected by this condition. The common risk factors for developing frozen shoulder are:
Your healthcare provider will discuss your medical history with you. He/she will ask you about the symptoms, the first time you noticed pain and stiffness and the effect of symptoms in your routine.
A general physical exam and frozen shoulder test are enough to diagnose frozen shoulder. There are three essential elements of a frozen shoulder test.
Your shoulder specialist may also order some imaging tests such as X-rays and MRI scans to rule out the possibility of other musculoskeletal conditions such as arthritis or rotator cuff tear.
The fundamental step on how to cure frozen shoulder quickly is pain management. As the stage progresses, your healthcare provider may indicate other treatment modalities to get rid of frozen shoulder.
Hot and cold compress: Based on your diagnosis and severity of symptoms, your healthcare provider will suggest either a hot or a cold compress. Heat and cold compresses help reduce the pain and stiffness in the joint.
Medicines: Your doctor will prescribe relevant pain relief medications for your condition. The alleviation of pain is the foremost step towards frozen shoulder treatment.
Physical therapy: As your pain and swelling subside, your doctor will progress the treatment by indicating physiotherapy. A trained physical therapist will perform stretching exercises to improve your range of motion.
Surgical procedures: Mostly a frozen shoulder gets better with the use of medicines and physiotherapy within a few months. Nevertheless, there are rare incidents that require surgical intervention. Your healthcare provider may indicate joint distension, shoulder manipulation and other arthroscopic procedures to treat persistent frozen shoulder.
Though frozen shoulder causes and cure are often overlooked, it is possible to prevent the incidence of frozen shoulder, especially when you are recovering from a shoulder injury. Physical therapy by a verified therapist is a great preventive measure. If you have suffered from a shoulder injury or begun experiencing pain, you should avail physiotherapy to stop the condition from progressing further.
Some exercises can also be done routinely at home. Your healthcare provider can help formulate an effective exercise regime for you to practise at home.
If it is not treated properly, a frozen shoulder can cause long-lasting pain and immobility. A timely and proper diagnosis is crucial to care for a frozen shoulder. Your shoulder specialist will guide you towards a healthy lifestyle that includes activities suitable for your shoulder joints.
Book an appointment with Dr Praveen Tittal, the best shoulder specialist in Gurgaon at the CK Birla Hospital, to learn more about the shoulder and joint conditions.
Ques: What is frozen shoulder pain like?
Frozen shoulder pain is like a dull and achy pain in the shoulder that may worsen during the night.
Ques: Is it OK to massage a frozen shoulder?
Yes, you can massage and stretch a frozen shoulder to relieve tension and tightness.
Ques: Why does a frozen shoulder hurt more at night?
It is because, during the night, when you lay down, the inflamed area of your shoulder becomes compressed and causes increased stiffness and pain.
Ques: Is surgery an option for frozen shoulder?
Yes, surgical repair of a frozen shoulder is an option. However, most frozen shoulders are treated non-surgically.
Three factors are interpreted for increased incidences of ankle injuries – slippery surfaces, sports and high heels. It is, however, possible to hurt your ankle at other places and situations. Even a casual walk around the neighbourhood can make you trip and fall, sometimes leading to an ankle fracture. According to a study by the Indian Journal of Medical Research, more than 69% of people in Delhi between the age group 35-68 suffer from a high risk of bone fractures. The incidence of ankle fracture alone is 187 fractures per 100,000 in a year.
In this article, , foot and ankle specialist at the CK Birla Hospital will explore everything you need to know about a fractured ankle and the possible causes leading to such high incidence.
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Ankle fracture happens when a bone in the ankle joint gets broken. This injury is also referred to as a broken ankle. A fractured ankle can range from a tiny crack in the bone to a complete dissociation where your bone peaks out of the skin.
An ankle joint is structured with three bones – tibia which forms the medial and posterior malleolus; fibula which forms the lateral malleolus and talus. A fracture is characterised based on the bone that has been affected.
There are various types of ankle fractures. The fractures which involve only one bone can be medial or lateral malleolus fractures. The fractures that involve two or three malleoli are called bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures respectively. Apart from the broken bones, the ankle fractures may be associated with injury to a ligament called syndesmosis which binds the lower end of tibia and fibula together.
Ankle fractures are caused by abnormal twisting, rolling, tripping or trauma of the ankle. Some of the common causes for a fractured ankle include:
While everyone can suffer from a fractured ankle, some people are more likely to experience this injury. If you play high-impact sports such as basketball, gymnastics, football and more, your chances of having a broken ankle increase. Walking on uneven surfaces can result in more trips and falls. Decreased bone density or conditions such as osteoporosis can also raise your possibility of ankle fractures.
Your pain-bearing capacity can sometimes misinterpret a fracture. You should look out for the following fractured ankle symptoms:
The location and extent of swelling in a broken ankle will depend on the type and location of the fracture.
As mentioned above, the pain management capacity of individuals can, sometimes, cause misunderstanding about an injury. So how do I know if I have broken my ankle?
An ankle sprain is an injury of tendons and ligaments. When the ankle ligaments tear or stretch, they can cause pain and swelling. Pain and swelling are also fractured ankle symptoms.
Your healthcare provider will be able to diagnose your injury properly. You should note that the severity of symptoms is immense when an ankle is broken while an ankle sprain can be easily managed.
Your healthcare provider will first assess your injury before providing ankle fracture treatment. He/she will physically evaluate the mobility of your foot by moving it in different positions. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms.
Your doctor will order a few imaging tests to precisely diagnose the condition. The following tests are indicated in case of a fractured ankle:
Ankle fracture treatment depends upon the location of the fracture and severity of symptoms. Conservative treatment is offered in mild cases. If your ankle is stable, your hairline ankle fracture can recover by non-surgical means. While treating the ankle fracture non-operatively, immobilisation in a rigid cast or boot for 6-8 weeks is undertaken.
Most of the times, ankle fracture surgery is performed to treat the joint. Surgery is performed to reduce the displaced fragments to their original place and then fixing it with plates and screws. This method is also called as Open Reduction and Internal Fixation.
Physical therapy is important for recovery from a fractured ankle. You should consult a verified physical therapist for your treatment. Physical therapy is critical for restoring and improving the strength of your bones.
Fractured ankle recovery time depends upon the severity of your condition. If you have had a procedure to correct a broken ankle, you can expect recovery within 8-12 weeks. You are expected to follow your doctor’s guidelines and provide complete rest to experience a quick recovery.
Based on your injury, your doctor will offer you relevant broken ankle recovery tips. Practice the following tips during recovery:
Since the ankle fracture affects your joint, it is not advisable to put weight on your broken ankle for the first few weeks. Your ability to walk depends upon the type and seriousness of the fracture you have encountered. If your fracture is mild and hairline, your doctor may allow you early weight bearing and walking on your ankle.
However, a serious broken ankle will take time in recovery and delay walking. Walking on a broken ankle too soon may result in unbearable pain or discomfort from the slightest of movement.
Your doctor will assess and supervise your recovery. He/she will suggest when you can walk after a broken ankle.
Your physiotherapist will provide support in this process. He will help improve your movement of ankle and bone strength. You can also choose to start walking with the help of walker, cane or crutches.
Ankle fracture is not an uncommon condition, but it requires urgent medical intervention. An untreated fractured ankle can cause several health complications such as arthritis, persistent pain, ligament injury, nerve damage and more.
To learn more about musculoskeletal health, consult Dr Ashwani Maichand at the CK Birla Hospital.
Ques: Can you walk on an ankle fracture?
Ans: The ability to walk after an ankle fracture depends upon the severity of fracture. If the fracture is minor, you may be able to walk soon. If it is serious, you will be advised to rest until the injury is healed.
Ques: How long does it take to heal a fractured ankle?
Ans: On average, it takes nearly 8-12 weeks for ankle fractures to heal completely. The recovery period may vary based on your overall health and age.
Ques: Do you need a cast for a fractured ankle?
Ans: Yes, your ankle will be placed in a cast for nearly 4-8 weeks to promote healing.
Ques: What happens if a fracture is left untreated?
Ans: An untreated fracture can lead to bone deformity, muscle and ligament damage, arthritis and persistent pain.
Indian sweets have a separate fan base across the globe. The wide variety of delicacies are an element of joy for everyone. However, happiness is not all that these sweets bring. Diabetes is a popular and common ailment with prevalence in more than 30 million Indians. Our lifestyle choices and eating habits have a large contribution to the high indecent rates of this condition. The rising figures call for effective measures for the management of diabetes in men and women.
Living with diabetes is not as complex once you learn the tactics to keep your blood sugar under control. In this article, Dr Tushar Tayal, best internal medicine specialist explains how the clinical management of diabetes is done.
Before we start learning diabetes management tips and tricks, let us grasp an overview of what this condition is all about.
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Diabetes (medically known as diabetes mellitus) is a condition that causes the sugar levels in your blood to rise. It is medically referred to as diabetes mellitus.
The food (sugar) we eat is converted into energy which is used by our body for functioning. The hormone insulin is used for transferring and storage of sugar. When the mechanism of our body fails to utilise or produce sufficient insulin, we develop diabetes.
There are several types of diabetes, including:
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic condition with several complications. Uncontrolled levels of blood sugar can lead to cardiac diseases, stroke, hearing loss, foot damage, dementia, depression among other conditions.
For everyday functioning and wellness and to avoid diabetes complications, it is important for a diabetic patient to keep his/her sugar levels checked and under control.
Though diabetes has no cure, it can be efficiently managed through the course of life. Here are some diabetes management tips you can practice to make sure that your diabetes does not aggravate and remains within the recommended range:
Managing diabetes with diet and exercise are the starting steps. The primary dietary amendment you need to make with diabetes is to limit the intake of sweetened foods. You may need to completely avoid certain foods and beverages such as sweet bakery products and carbonated drinks. You can, however, compensate for these high-calorie and low-nutrient products by replacing them with juices and healthy snacks.
It is critical to check what you eat and how much you eat when you have diabetes. You should maintain a track of which foods are not healthy for you. The key is to maintain your intake of carbohydrates. High levels of carbohydrates can directly increase your blood sugar. You must make sure to eat all nutrients including carbs in moderation.
You should plan your meal in accordance with your sugar levels. Eating small portions of foods several times throughout the day can keep your health better. Dietary management of diabetes does not broadly restrict your choices.
Make sure to eat portions of fruits and vegetables regularly. You should choose fibrous foods and eat a good mix of starches, proteins and fats. Eating too little and eating too much, both have enormous disadvantages. It is important to take your medicines regularly along with moderate food intake.
Also Read: Ivy Gourd: Benefits & Side Effects
Living with diabetes can put additional emphasis on the need to exercise. Regular physical movement allows your muscles to use insulin effectively from the blood. The effect of exercise on insulin depends on how long you exercise. Exercising without a proper plan may not be very beneficial if you have diabetes. You should talk to your healthcare provider or trainer to help design a suitable exercise regime.
You need not exercise each day if you are not highly motivated or able. Exercising for 30-40 minutes most days (4-5 days) of the week is enough to keep your sugar levels in control. Simultaneously, you should keep a track of how your blood sugar changes before, during and after exercise.
You should also make sure to keep yourself hydrated to utilise maximum benefits of working out. Sometimes, eating a snack prior to exercise is also useful. You should consult your healthcare provider and do what is best for you.
While managing diabetes with diet and exercise are essential, we cannot ignore the importance of medication. Diabetes is a chronic illness with no cure. It is evident that regular medication and a diabetes management plan to keep your sugar levels appropriate. Along with diet and exercise, following your medicine routine is vital for the management of diabetes.
There are specific medicines designed to keep blood sugar levels in moderation throughout the day. You should not skip your diabetes medication or stop them without consulting your doctor.
Over time, your body’s response to the medicines may change. It is important to routinely check your blood sugar levels and go for regular follow-ups. In case of gestational diabetes, your healthcare provider may work with your obstetrician to make the correct plan.
Another underlying health condition or an illness can alter your blood sugar levels. Being affected by an illness while living with diabetes can negatively affect your overall wellbeing. You should aim to follow all precautionary measures and keep illness at bay.
It is critical to stick to your meal plan to avoid complications. If you fall ill, you should immediately consult your healthcare provider for clinical support.
Whether you have diabetes or not, drinking and smoking can harm your health. It is best to avoid smoking cigarettes or drinking alcohol. Smoking can narrow your blood vessels disrupting the flow of blood and increasing the chances of diabetes complications.
Blood sugar levels can drop significantly due to alcohol consumption. However, you can still do social drinking, in moderation and if your diabetes is already under control. It is advised that you recommend your doctor about the amount of alcohol safe for you. You should avoid drinking on an empty stomach.
Stress, besides drinking, can also alter your blood sugar levels. High-stress levels release such hormones in your body that promote a rise in blood sugar. You should make sure to stay out of stressful situations. You should meditate or learn relaxation techniques to calm your mind. Diabetes and hypertension go hand in hand. These lifestyle measures can also help you in keeping your blood pressure under control.
Diabetes management is not a one time task. Since it is a chronic illness, you need to practice the above-given tips every day. Your way of living needs to be designed according to your blood sugar levels. You should regularly monitor your glucose levels.
You can book an appointment with Dr. Ravindra Gupta to formulate your personalised diabetes management program. Visit the CK Birla Hospital for more information.
Also Read: What is cholesterol? Type, normal range, Diagnosis and Treatment
Ques: Can I treat diabetes completely?
Ans: Unfortunately, diabetes cannot be cured but only managed. Lifestyle measures and medicinal treatment can help in treating diabetes consistently.
Ques: What type of foods should I eat to manage diabetes?
Ans: Good food choices for diabetic patients include fatty fish, leafy greens, avocados, eggs, beans, yogurt, broccoli, olive oil, flaxseeds and nuts.
Ques: How does blood pressure affect diabetes?
Ans: Diabetes can lead to stiffening and narrowing of blood vessels leading to an increase in blood pressure.
Ques: Can I control diabetes without medication?
Ans: It is possible to control diabetes only with lifestyle modifications. However, the healthcare provider decides the best treatment for you based on your blood sugar levels.
A baby’s skin is considered the standard for softness and natural texture. You may see cosmetic products, mostly moisturisers and lotions, being advertised with the analogy that they make your skin as soft and natural as a baby’s. However, infants and small children are not exempt from skin conditions. Nearly 23.7% of children under the age of 3 years in India visit a healthcare provider for skin conditions. There are some common skin rashes in children that parents should look out for.
In this article, Dr Shreya Dubey, a leading paediatrician in Gurgaon, discusses some common skin conditions and rashes in children.
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As a new parent, changes in your child’s skin can frighten you. It is, thus, important to learn about these skin conditions. While the range of skin rashes in children is varying, there are a few rashes that are more prevalent than others.
If you wondered that the onset of acne happens when you hit puberty, you may be wrong. Baby acne, also known as neonatal acne, is a common skin condition affecting thousands of babies worldwide. As the name denotes, it is a condition in which pimp, white and red spots on skin begin to appear.
Baby acne are common baby rashes that mostly affect the child’s forehead and cheeks. This acne appears within the first month of birth and is associated with maternal hormones during pregnancy.
Treatment: Baby acne is not a frightening condition. It does not cause long-term effects and usually subsides on its own after the first one or two months. If your baby’s skin does not improve after a few months, you should consult your healthcare provider.
One of the most common skin rashes in children and babies is the cradle cap. In this condition, you will notice a thick and crusty layer (often yellow in colour) on the scalp of your child’s head.
While a cradle cap usually appears on the head, it can also be found behind the ears.
Treatment: Cradle cap is normally a harmless skin condition.It disappears on its own within a few months. You should ensure to maintain your baby’s hygiene for quick relief from the cradle cap. You should brush, hydrate and wash your baby’s hair routinely. Seek medical help if the condition persists or spreads to your baby’s face or other parts.
If babies could communicate as well as adults, they would agree how common and aggravating diaper rashes are. As the name denotes, a diaper rash is one of the common rashes in children caused by excessive moisture or prolonged contact with feces or urine in the diaper.
A diaper rash appears in the form of redness in your baby’s bottoms or genital area.
Treatment: A diaper rash can be prevented and easily managed by a routine hygiene check. You should make sure to change your baby’s nappies every 2-3 hours. Use diaper rash oil and creams.
Another condition common in infants and young children is eczema. It is characterised by dry and scaly patches on the skin. Baby eczema is among the commonest rashes in children. It is a chronic condition that often causes itching. Dust and heat can cause eczema in children.
Treatment: You should keep your baby clean and neat by bathing him every second or third day. If the rashes become severe, you should make sure to consult your doctor.
Baby’s skin tends to be extraordinarily sensitive. Their skin can become more dry due to a lack of moisturising oil created by the baby. Dry skin is a major factor leading to viral rashes in children.
Treatment: Skin dryness can be treated simply by hydrating your skin. You can use moisturisers and lotions specifically made for babies to keep your baby’s skin healthy.
Heat rash toddler can also lead to skin conditions in children. A harsh humid weather or excessive layers of clothing can trigger a heat rash. Heat rashes appear in the form of bright red spots on skin and not usually harmless.
Treatment: Heat rashes usually do not persist for long. They tend to disappear on their own in due time and care. Shifting your baby to a cooler environment can help in reducing this rash.
Milia is among the common skin rashes in children that appears on the nose, cheeks and chin. This condition is mostly present by birth and is not harmful for the baby.
Treatment: You can wash your baby’s face with clean water and soap to decrease the white bumps caused by milia. If the condition persists or aggravates, you should consult your healthcare provider.
Fifth disease also known as ‘slapped cheek disease’ is among the popular skin conditions in children. It is a result of a viral illness. Fifth disease is characterised by redness on the cheeks accompanied by low-grade fever and cold-like symptoms.
Treatment: There is no home remedy you can use for fifth disease. If your child develops a skin rash along with fever, you should make sure to take him to the medical doctor.
A drool rash is caused by the constant presence of saliva on your baby’s face. It usually appears during the teething phase of your child when your little one is growing milk teeth. A drool rash occurs on the mouth and is characterised by redness.
Treatment: You should ensure that your baby’s face is clear of saliva at most times. Do not scrub your infant’s mouth, instead pat dry it.
Hives is another common skin rash in children. It appears in the form of red or white bumpy patches of skin. These patches can sometimes be painful and itchy. However, hives in children is an acute illness and should not be a reason for panic.
Treatment: Your healthcare provider will be able to offer relevant medicines for the treatment of hives.
Most skin rashes can be avoided or reduced if you provide a healthy and clean environment for your baby. Here are some expert-approved tips on how to get rid of skin rashes in children.
The prevalence of common skin rashes in children is considerably high. Little kids have sensitive skin that can be easily affected by irritants. Parents should not be alarmed if they suspect a small change in their child’s skin. Make sure to practice the above-given tips on how to get rid of skin rashes in children and consult your doctor for regular health checkups of your child.
For more information on child health, book an appointment with Dr Shreya Dubey at the CK Birla Hospital.
Ques: How can you tell if a rash is serious?
Ans: You can tell if a skin rash is serious if:
Ques: What kind of rashes are painful?
Ans: Most rashes in children are not painful. However, some kinds such as diaper rash, baby eczema, heat rash, fifth disease and hives can cause mild discomfort and pain.
Ques: When should I worry about rashes on my child?
Ans: If your child’s rashes are serious and associated with symptoms such as fever and painful urination, you should consult a doctor urgently.
Ques: What should I do if my child has a rash?
Ans: The action steps depend on the severity of the rashes. If your child’s rash is not severe, you can simply pat a wet cloth on it to soothe pain and itching.
“Cancer is a word, not a sentence”
Nearly 1 in 8 women (13%) will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in their lifetime. It can be appalling to receive a breast cancer diagnosis and be that one woman. However, the constant progress of medical science offers hope at times of distress. Patients are faced with breast cancer treatment options almost immediately after they discover this ailment. It is, especially, ordinary for patients with early-stage cancer to have a choice of treatment.
While having a range of treatment options is great, it can also be stressful to make the best choice. Early-stage breast cancer patients face the dilemma of choosing between lumpectomy vs mastectomy.
This article explores the difference between lumpectomy and mastectomy.
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The objective of a breast cancer treatment is to remove the cancerous cells from the body and stop them from spreading further. There are several different types of treatment modalities for breast cancer.
Breast cancer treatment is mostly offered by combining more than one methods. Lumpectomy or mastectomy are also used in conjunction with other measures such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, breast reconstruction surgery and more.
Lumpectomy vs mastectomy for breast cancer are surgical procedures aimed at removing cancer cells from the breast. They are both effective for specific patients.
Lumpectomy: Lumpectomy surgery is a type of breast-conserving surgery. In this procedure, your breast cancer surgeon removes the tumour inside your breast. Along with tumour, he/she also removes some amount of surrounding healthy tissues to stop the spread of cancer.
In most cases, radiation therapy is also offered after lumpectomy to prevent recurrence of the disease.
Mastectomy: Mastectomy is the surgical removal of the entire breast for the management of cancer. This procedure is further categorised into five types –
Several medical factors contribute to deciding the most suitable breast cancer treatment. The size and location of the tumour, your overall health, your medical history, family history of the disease and age are some determinants that doctors take into account.
However, personal reasons are also regarded when treatment is being sought for early stages of breast cancer.
Here is what you should consider if you are perplexed on how to decide between lumpectomy or mastectomy:
Lumpectomy and mastectomy surgery are both safe procedures. However, certain risks and complications are associated with these surgeries. Some of the common side-effects include pain, the chance of infection, bleeding and more.
If you choose to undergo lumpectomy, your healthcare provider will suggest you have radiation therapy for the completion of treatment. Radiation therapy has added side-effects that are likely to impact your general health. These include fatigue, damage to surrounding tissues, low white blood cell count, skin problems such as redness, itchiness etc.
While lumpectomy provides you with a way to preserve your breast partially, it also allows for a chance of cancer recurrence. Cancer cells may occur again in the breast after a lumpectomy. In such a rare case of recurrence, you may need another course of breast cancer treatment.
On the other hand, mastectomy surgery provides full and final relief from cancer in the breast with almost no chance of recurrence. In a post mastectomy care, you would also not need any other procedures as it offers maximum benefits alone.
The overall recovery period and care after lumpectomy or mastectomy are unique for each patient. It depends upon factors such as the stage of cancer, your general wellbeing, age and more. Your recovery may be lengthier based on the additional treatments you have.
Besides the medical prerequisites, you can choose between lumpectomy and mastectomy for breast cancer based on their effect on your appearance.
Mastectomy surgery is the process in which breast is completely removed. Breasts are often an important aspect of a woman’s identity and a complete absence of breast can impact her psychologically and emotionally. You can choose to have a breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy. Nonetheless, this surgery also has its particular medical necessities and expenses.
While you can choose to have breast reconstruction post care after lumpectomy, the possibilities of the same become limited. It is because radiation therapy after lumpectomy affects the timing and options of reconstruction.
Questions to ask yourself on lumpectomy or mastectomy how to decide
If you have the choice to decide between lumpectomy and mastectomy, you should think through your options. Ask yourself:
Breast cancer treatment options should only give you hope and not anxiety. By learning more about your choices, you can make an informed decision. You should note that your personal preferences will be kept secondary to medical necessities. The primary objective is to get rid of cancer cells as safely and permanently as possible.
For more information on lumpectomy and mastectomy for breast cancer treatment, visit our world-class breast centre at the CK Birla Hospital.
Book an appointment with Dr Rohan Khandelwal for personalised guidance on breast health.
Ques: Is it better to have a mastectomy than a lumpectomy?
Ans: Mastectomy and lumpectomy are both effective breast cancer treatment measures. The appropriate surgery depends upon the health of the patient & size and location of cancer.
Ques: What stage of breast cancer requires a mastectomy?
Ans: Breast cancer, detected in early stage, can be treated effectively with mastectomy. On average, mastectomy is suited for stage II breast cancers.
Ques: What stage of breast cancer requires a lumpectomy?
Ans: Similar to mastectomy, lumpectomy surgery is also performed on a patient with stage II cancer. However, other factors such as the severity of symptoms, patient’s age and health are taken into regard.
Ques: Can I lay flat after a mastectomy?
Ans: Yes, after breast cancer surgery, a patient is asked to remain on her back until healed enough to lay sideways. However, since each patient is unique, your breast surgeon will offer you specific guidelines.
A kidney failure, in itself, is very challenging. Knowing that you are affected by end-stage kidney disease (ERSD) can take a toll on your overall well-being. What is even more taxing is accomplishing to live a healthy life after kidney failure. More than 10% of the world population lives with chronic kidney disease. Though it is difficult, life after kidney failure can be very smooth and productive.
In this article, Dr Mohit Khirbat discusses how kidney failure impacts a patient’s life. Dr Mohit Khirbat is a leading nephrologist consulting at the CK Birla Hospital.
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Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs responsible for removing extra toxins and waste produced by the body. They also enable the body to filter blood before pumping it to the heart.
Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to perform the above-given functions completely.
This condition is of two types –
Acute kidney failure occurs very suddenly and is often reversible. Nonetheless, chronic kidney failure progresses slowly and leads to a complete shutdown of kidney functions.
Kidney failure is also known as end-stage renal disease. It is considered the final stage of chronic kidney disease and requires long-term clinical intervention.
Since acute kidney failure happens abruptly, its signs are often unnoticed. However, kidney failure symptoms for both acute and chronic failure can be detected and managed beforehand. It is important to have an understanding of these symptoms, especially if you have an ailment related to the kidney.
Common acute kidney failure symptoms include:
Common chronic kidney failure symptoms include:
There are several different causes of kidney failure. Sometimes, an underlying health condition can trigger kidney failure.
A disruption in the flow of blood to the kidneys can also prompt kidney failure. If there is a difficulty in passing out urine, the load of toxins of the kidneys may increase leading to a failure.
Conditions leading to kidney failure are:
There is no cure for kidney failure but it can be treated successfully. Dialysis and kidney transplants are two effective treatment measures for renal failure.
Dialysis – In this treatment type, the patient is dependent upon a machine that replaces the function of kidneys, to some extent. It does not offer a cure for renal failure but extends the patient’s life effectively.
Kidney transplant – Kidney transplant is an invasive surgery in which the damaged kidneys are replaced with a compatible donor’s kidney.
Irrespective of the treatment type, life after kidney failure requires care with careful planning. Let us learn about the life expectancy after kidney failure and the challenges one may face.
The life expectancy after kidney failure mainly depends upon the type of treatment a patient undergoes. Besides treatment preference, your overall health, age, way of living and clinical care may affect life expectancy after kidney failure.
A person living with kidney failure can expect to live for up to 10-20 years with the help of dialysis. The life expectancy of a person who has a kidney transplant can be extended up to 10-12 years. Several factors such as the health of the donor’s kidneys, complete health of the recipient and more add to the life expectancy.
The treatment for kidney failure can help in managing your symptoms and extend your life. These modalities do not cure you of the disease. During or after treatment, you can expect to feel a variety of symptoms that may affect your physical, mental and emotional health.
Some of the common symptoms include swelling in the stomach and ankle, problems with digestion, loss of appetite, weakness, confusion, headaches and fatigue. However, all of these health issues are manageable and may not necessarily interrupt your life.
Chronic kidney failure is capable of changing the course of your life. You will become more dependent on your family members for care at home. Their support will be critical to the progress of your health.
Kidney failure impacts the boundaries in the relationship between the patient and caregiver. It is important that while your loved ones offer you unrestricted support, they also take care of their well-being.
Your visits to the hospital will also become routine. You will need to consult your healthcare provider for regular tests and screenings. If you are a dialysis patient, the hospital setting may just be your second home.
The amount of clinical help you seek in your life after kidney failure is considerably high. Needless to say, kidney failure can negatively impact your mental and emotional health. You may also seek consistent emotional and mental support from your loved ones. It is beneficial to take counselling sessions from a verified therapist.
Life after kidney failure demands most attention towards the management of the disease. For some people, their professional life becomes secondary. You may not need to completely get rid of your career goals. You can talk to your employer about your condition and ask for flexible working hours, remote working and more.
In men, kidney failure can prompt a low sperm volume. While women may suffer from menstrual issues as a side effect of this disease. These issues can further impact the fertile potential in a patient. If you wish to start or expand your family while living with kidney failure, you should consult with your healthcare provider. There are numerous scientific advances in the field of reproductive medicine that may be able to help you.
If you can offer appropriate medical management of kidney failure, your life expectancy can increase or at least remain unaffected.
Life after kidney failure calls for extensive medical help and lifestyle modifications. Here is what you can do to manage your symptoms effectively:
A proper check on medications – As a chronically ill patient, you are expected to regularly take your medicines. Irrespective of the severity of symptoms, you must follow your medication schedule as per your doctor’s guidelines.
If you require additional medicines for other health concerns, you must consult your nephrologist and take their opinion on the same. Your medicines allow you to operate normally and keep health complications at bay.
Eating a well-balanced diet – It is important to note that kidney failure treatment cannot replace the original abilities of the kidneys. During treatment, you are required to eat a nutritious diet for kidney health that does not cause digestive issues.
The dialysis machine or the donor’s kidney may not be able to filter all the waste. Therefore, you should avoid consuming food products that may be difficult to get rid of. You need to control their sodium, phosphorus and fluids intake while loading on fibre, calories and vitamins.
Engage in regular physical activity – Exercising regularly has a variety of benefits for anyone living with renal failure. You should avoid doing extraneous exercises and engage in light activities such as yoga, jogging, swimming and more.
Stop smoking and drinking – Smoking cigarettes can harm your overall health and cause multiple complications. Excessive consumption of alcohol can also hamper your kidney failure treatment.
The news of kidney failure can be discouraging. However, there is hope in knowing that kidney failure symptoms can be managed with relevant care. With the above-mentioned care tips, you can make sure that your life after kidney failure is not aggravating.
Book an appointment with Dr Mohit Khirbat, a leading nephrologist at the CK Birla Hospital to know more about kidney diseases and their treatment options.
Ques: Can kidney failure be reversed?
Ans: Whether or not kidney failure can be reversed depends upon its type. Acute kidney failure that sets in suddenly is reversible while chronic kidney failure which progresses gradually is not.
Ques: What are the stages of chronic kidney disease?
Ans: Chronic kidney disease develops over time across five stages. Stage 1 refers to mild kidney damage while stage 5 is the last stage in which kidney function completely declines.
Ques: Can I receive dialysis at home?
Ans: Yes, advanced medical science services have enabled patients to receive dialysis at home. However, extreme care and clinical intervention is necessary to perform the process accurately.
Menopause is a natural biological process that happens to women as they age. A woman is said to have reached menopause if she has not had her periods for more than 12 months. Before she reaches menopause, she may experience several symptoms such as changes in her menstrual cycle, perimenopausal bleeding, hot flashes, and premenopausal osteoporosis symptoms. This is called the menopausal transition. or perimenopause.
Perimenopause usually hits women between the ages of 45 years and 55 years and lasts for 7-14 years. Menopause can also be triggered by a hysterectomy or removal of the ovaries.
During perimenopause or the menopausal transition, the bone health of women is also greatly affected. In this article, we will look more closely at the impact of menopause on your bones as well as how to minimise this impact.
As mentioned above, menopause marks the end of periods in a woman. But what does that really imply? How are menopause and osteoporosis linked?
When a woman enters menopause, the oestrogen and progesterone levels in her body begins decreasing. This is said to speed up bone loss and increase the risk of osteoporosis significantly. Some studies show that up to 20% of bone loss can occur during menopause.
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As the name suggests, osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterised by low bone mass and weaker bones. As a result, the patient is more susceptible to fractures. It can be caused by several factors, even the use of certain medications. Corticosteroids and osteoporosis mechanisms are a clear example of the impact of medications on this condition. Corticosteroids are medications used to manage and treat inflammation in the body, prolonged use of this medication is said to lower the body’s ability to absorb calcium while also increasing the rate of bone resorption.
Studies also indicate that osteoporosis in women is far more common than in men, raising the question “Why are women more prone to osteoporosis?”
Osteoporosis was considered to be a silent disease, as it is usually detected only after the first fracture. Today, knowing the increased risk of postmenopausal fractures, women can opt for a variety of screening, assessment and treatment options and manage postmenopausal osteoporosis effectively.
Initially, osteoporosis was diagnosed if a fracture occurred with little or no trauma/force. Diagnosis can also be done using a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. This helps define the patient’s bone mineral density. The unit used is called a T-score. The guidelines established by the world health organisation state that a T-score between −1 and −2.5 indicates low bone mass (not low enough for osteoporosis) and a T-score of −2.5 or lower indicates osteoporosis. The severity of osteoporosis is determined by the negative T-score.
There are several treatments available to reduce the risk of fractures due to osteoporosis. The treatments are designed to either reduce resorption of the bone or increase rate of bone formation. The treatment protocols depend on your general health as well as the suitability of the medication.
Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis (or HRT) has also been shown to have a positive impact on bone health after menopause. Postmenopausal osteoporosis pathophysiology indicates that the cause of decreasing bone density is directy related to decreasing oestrogen levels. Hence, the treatment involves maintaining the hormonal balance in the body with oestrogen replacement therapy for osteoporosis.
Oestrogen therapy for osteoporosis has shown promising results and is also associated with several benefits apart from bone health.
Functional medicine approach to treat and manage osteoporosis involves the use of calcium supplements after menopause as well as vitamin D supplements to maintain bone density after menopause.
Lifestyle both before and after menopause plays a significant role in maintaining good bone health. Dr Anjali Kumar, leading gynaecologist and obstetrician in Delhi NCR offers an insight into healthy lifestyle practices that can both reduce the risk and impact of osteoporosis after menopause.
Maintaining the correct posture while sitting, standing or performing any physical activity (as simple as picking something from the ground) is one of the key factors deciding bone and joint health later on in life. Today, with our increasingly sedentary lifestyle, incorrectly sitting in one place for more than 6-8 hours every day, can cause irreparable damage to our bones over time. So pay attention to how you sit, stand, run etc, regardless of how old you are. It is never too early to start protecting your bones.
Exercise plays an important role in preventing many bone and joint-related problems such as arthritis and slip-discs.
Balance work should be done with care, especially if you are suffering from osteoporosis. These include exercises such as yoga, pilates etc. They are designed to improve muscle stability and strength.
You should aim to exercise at least 45-60 minutes every week to maintain healthy bones.
Follow a healthy balanced diet to minimise the impact of menopause of bone health with food rich in vitamins, minerals and other nutrients known to promote tissue growth and regeneration. Osteoporosis pathophysiology is characterised by a reduction in skeletal mass caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation with age. It is important to increase your calcium intake to tackle this imbalance, either through natural sources or supplements. Dairy products, green leafy vegetables, soya beans, sardines, salmon etc are all rich sources of calcium.
Getting sufficient vitamin D is also essential for bone health, as it is vital for calcium and phosphorus absorption in the body. It can be taken as a supplement but is also produced in the body naturally when exposed to sunlight. Supplements should be taken by individuals who have very limited exposure to natural sunlight.
One of the most important things to keep in mind is that the earlier you start strengthening your bones, the lower the risk of developing osteoporosis later on in life. Studies show that bone regeneration happens rapidly till the age of 30, post which the rate of regeneration decreases significantly. Women are at a greater risk of developing osteoporosis, as a result, they should start performing strengthening exercises early in their life. This will not only strengthen their muscles, offering better support to their bones but also help in preventing falls later on in life.
To conclude, bone health is something many of us overlook, especially when we are younger. The truth is that making an effort when our bones give us the least amount of trouble will save us a lot of pain later in life.
Also, read: Can you prevent osteoporosis by just increasing your calcium intake?
Ques: How does menopause cause osteoporosis?
Ans: Perimenopausal women are known to be at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis as this condition is directly linked to oestrogen deficiency (as occurs during menopause).
Ques: Can early menopause cause osteoporosis?
Ans: Studies show a direct link between the lack of oestrogen and osteoporosis. Early menopause (as defined as menopause before the age of 45 years) and prolonged periods of low hormone levels and absent menstrual periods can also result in loss of bone mass.
Ques: How to increase bone density in menopause?
Ans: Bone density in menopause can be increased with calcium & vitamin D supplements and hormone replacement therapy as advised by the doctor. Regular weight bearing exercises can improve muscle strength to offer better support to bones and joints.
Ques: How is osteoporosis treated during menopause?
Ans: Osteoporosis in menopause is typically treated with a customised exercise regimen, calcium rich diet, vitamin supplements and oestrogen replacement therapy.
To know more about managing menopause and osteoporosis and minimising its impact in our daily life, you can speak to Dr Anjali Kumar – Director of obstetrics and gynaecology at the CK Birla Hospital.
