Impact of Low Testosterone Levels: Causes, Symptoms, and Solutions

Testosterone is a male sex hormone produced in the testicles that plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive tissues, as well as in promoting muscle mass and bone density.

Low testosterone levels, also known as hypogonadism, occur when the body doesn’t produce enough testosterone. This condition can lead to various symptoms, including fatigue, reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased muscle mass, and mood changes. 

As they age, men’s testosterone levels gradually decline. You are more likely to have low testosterone as you age. If you find your low testosterone symptoms bothersome, your doctor could suggest testosterone replacement medication.

What Are the Symptoms of Low Testosterone Levels?

Low testosterone symptoms might differ greatly, especially depending on age.

Physical Signs and Symptoms

• Reduced Libido: Low testosterone can lead to a decline in sexual desire and arousal.
• Erectile Dysfunction: It might be difficult to get or keep an erection.
• Fatigue: One symptom may be feeling exhausted and lacking in energy.
• Decreased Muscle Mass: Testosterone plays a role in building and maintaining muscle mass; reduced levels may lead to muscle loss.
• Increased Body Fat: Particularly in the abdominal region, low testosterone might lead to an increase in body fat.
• Hair Loss: Loss of body and facial hair, as well as thinning of hair on the head, can occur.
• Mood Changes: Irritability, mood swings, or feelings of sadness may be associated with low testosterone.
• Reduced Bone Mass: Testosterone benefits in maintaining bone density; low levels can lead to bone loss and an increased risk of fractures.
• Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or other sleep issues may be related to low testosterone.
• Hot Flashes: Some men with low testosterone may experience flashes of warmth.

Emotional Symptoms and Mental Impact 

• Mood Swings: Testosterone plays a role in mood regulation, and low levels can lead to mood swings, irritability, and increased susceptibility to stress.
• Depression: There’s a link between low testosterone and an increased risk of developing symptoms of depression. Individuals with low testosterone may experience persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
• Anxiety: Reduced testosterone levels can contribute to feelings of anxiety and unease. It may manifest as a general sense of worry or nervousness.
• Irritability: Low testosterone can make individuals more prone to irritability and frustration, affecting their ability to handle stress.
• Fatigue: Emotional symptoms can contribute to mental fatigue, making it challenging to concentrate or stay focused on tasks.
• Decreased Motivation: Low testosterone levels may lead to a lack of motivation and decreased interest in once-enjoyable activities.
• Difficulty Concentrating: Cognitive functions, including concentration and memory, can be affected by low testosterone, leading to difficulties in focusing on tasks.
• Reduced Self-Confidence: Changes in mood and energy levels can impact self-esteem and self-confidence.
• Sleep Disturbances: Emotional symptoms can contribute to sleep problems, leading to insomnia or disruptions in sleep patterns.

What Are the Causes of Low Testosterone Levels?

Low testosterone, or hypogonadism, can stem from primary or secondary causes, each with congenital or acquired factors.

Primary Hypogonadism –

Affecting testicular function can be congenital, involving conditions like:

• Anorchia
• Undescended testicles
• Leydig cell hypoplasia
• Klinefelter’s syndrome
• Noonan syndrome
• Myotonic dystrophy

Testicle damage, orchitis, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, tumours, and the usage of anabolic steroids are examples of acquired causes.

Secondary Hypogonadism –

Involves hypothalamus or pituitary dysfunction, often termed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Congenital contributors include isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Kallmann syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. 

The acquired causes encompass:

• Hypopituitarism
• Hyperprolactinemia
• Iron overload
• Brain or head injury
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Liver cirrhosis
• Kidney failure
• HIV/AIDS
• Alcohol use disorder
• Poorly managed diabetes
• Obesity
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Certain medications

Natural Ageing Process-

Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) results from ageing, with deteriorating hypothalamic-pituitary and Leydig cell function. LOH and low testosterone are prevalent in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, obesity, or overweight. Studies indicate a higher occurrence of low testosterone in overweight individuals (30%) compared to those with normal weight (6%). In Type 2 diabetes, 25% of individuals have low testosterone, contrasting with 13% in those without diabetes.

Understanding these causes helps healthcare providers diagnose and manage low testosterone effectively, ensuring tailored interventions for each patient’s unique circumstances. Regular monitoring and personalised treatments can enhance the overall well-being of individuals facing hypogonadism.

What is the Treatment for Low Testosterone Levels?

Healthcare professionals use testosterone replacement treatment to treat male hypogonadism or low testosterone. There are several kinds of testosterone replacement treatment, which include:

• Oral Testosterone:

  A pill form of testosterone is available for people with low testosterone due to specific medical conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome or tumours that have damaged their pituitary glands.

• Testosterone Nasal Gel:

  Three times a day, you administer a testosterone gel into each nostril.

• Buccal Testosterone Tablets:

  You apply these adhesive tablets to your gums twice a day. Your gums allow the testosterone to enter your circulation swiftly.

• Testosterone Pellets:

  Every three to six months, a doctor implants these pellets beneath your skin. The testosterone doses provided by the pellets are steady and long-lasting.

• Testosterone Patches:

  As instructed, you apply these patches to your skin each day. Typically, you have to move them around to prevent skin reactions.

• Intramuscular Testosterone Injections:

  Every one to two weeks, you or a healthcare professional can inject the medication into a muscle. Every ten weeks, providers can inject long-acting testosterone. Additionally, subcutaneous injections are available.

• Testosterone Skin Gels:

  As instructed, you apply the gel to clean, dry skin each day. You must avoid skin-to-skin contact with anyone else to avoid spreading the gel. 

Lifestyle changes can complement medical interventions in managing low testosterone levels. Here are some recommended lifestyle modifications:

• Healthy Diet:

  • Incorporate foods high in nutrients, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean meats.
  • Ensure an adequate intake of essential nutrients like zinc, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids, which are linked to testosterone production.

• Regular Exercise:

  • Exercise regularly, incorporating both strength and aerobic training.
  • Exercise can help boost testosterone levels and improve overall well-being.

• Adequate Sleep:

  • Ensure sufficient and quality sleep each night, aiming for 7-9 hours.
  • Sleep is crucial for hormone regulation, including testosterone.

• Stress Management:

  • Engage in stress-reduction practices like yoga, deep breathing, and meditation.
  • Low testosterone might be a result of ongoing stress.

• Weight Management:

  • Keep your weight in check with a well-balanced diet and frequent exercise.
  • Obesity is associated with lower testosterone levels; weight loss can help improve hormonal balance.

• Limit Alcohol Intake:

  • Moderation in alcohol consumption is advised, as excessive alcohol can negatively impact testosterone levels.

• Quit Smoking:

  • Smoking has been linked to lower testosterone levels; quitting can have positive effects on hormonal health.

• Avoid Endocrine Disruptors:

  • Reduce exposure to environmental pollutants and endocrine disruptors found in some plastics, pesticides, and certain chemicals.

• Hydration:

  • Drink enough water to keep yourself well-hydrated throughout the day.

• Limit Sugar and Processed Foods:

  • Minimise the intake of refined sugars and processed foods, as they can contribute to weight gain and insulin resistance, affecting hormone levels.

• Regular Health Check-ups:

  • Regularly monitor overall health with routine check-ups, including hormone levels, to address any underlying issues promptly.

Conclusion

Many people dismiss the symptoms of decreased testosterone as an uncomfortable aspect of ageing. However, you ought to treat any symptoms that lower your quality of life. Should you be experiencing uncomfortable symptoms of low testosterone, it is always advisable to seek medical help from an experienced endocrinologist. Timely care and help can ensure an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of your condition. 

At the CK Birla Hospital, we ensure patients get holistic medical support which includes treatment in a compassionate environment. This patient-centric approach not only helps patients heal better but also ensures they are aware of the preventive measures as well. In case you need to consult an endocrinologist, reach out to us, or book a direct appointment with a doctor at the CK Birla Hospital.

FAQs

Can Low Testosterone Affect Fertility?

Yes, low testosterone can impact fertility by reducing sperm count, motility, and quality. Medical intervention and lifestyle changes can improve fertility outcomes for individuals with low testosterone.

Are There Natural Ways to Boost Testosterone Levels?

Yes, natural ways to boost testosterone include regular exercise, sufficient sleep, a balanced diet with essential nutrients, weight management, stress reduction, and avoiding excessive alcohol and processed foods.

 Is Low Testosterone Solely a Male Issue?

Low testosterone is typically associated with males, but females can also experience it, albeit in smaller amounts. In women, it can affect reproductive health, mood, and bone density.