Introduction

Every Indian loves street food. The right mix of salt and spices are part of our core memories growing up. Which is why people are often overwhelmed by the idea of making dietary changes, particularly when it involves reducing their sodium intake. 

Salt or Sodium Chloride, has sodium- a mineral that our bodies need in small amounts to function properly, but when consumed excessively, it can lead to significant health problems. In some individuals due to their food habits this subtle balance goes off-key leading to specific health conditions like hypertension, kidney disease, or heart failure. Find out how you can overcome this risk with a low sodium diet by making healthier food choices without feeling deprived.

Basic Understanding of a Low Sodium Diet

What is the importance of Sodium?

Sodium is an essential mineral responsible for maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. It is naturally found in many foods, but it’s also commonly added to processed foods as a preservative or flavour enhancer. 

Here are some facts about an average Indian’s sodium intake: 

Indians consume 8-11 gms of salt daily. WHO prescribed limit is 5gms	Men consume more salt than women
Tobacco users consume more salt than others	Overweight and obese people have more salt cravings

What is a Low Sodium Diet?

A low sodium diet is a dietary approach that limits the intake of sodium to a level that is beneficial for overall health, particularly for individuals with certain medical conditions. Generally, this involves consuming less than 1,500mg to 2,300mg of sodium per day, depending on your health status and dietary guidelines. A low sodium diet is prescribed especially for those individuals with high risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and other health issues linked to sodium imbalance.

What are the Benefits of a Low Sodium Diet?

• Lower Blood Pressure: Sodium increases blood pressure and triggers fluid retention in our body. As a result our heart and blood vessels feel strained. Reducing sodium helps recover from high blood pressure, and reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Improved Heart Health: A lowered blood pressure in turn will prevent heart disease by reducing the strain on the heart. Therefore also reducing the risk of developing heart failure due to fluid buildup around the heart.
• Improved Kidney Function: High sodium triggered water retention tends to overwork the kidneys increasing the risk of chronic kidney disease. Reducing sodium protects kidney function and prevents complications.
• Reduced Risk of Stroke: High blood pressure is one of the main triggers for stroke. Low sodium diet can bring down the risk of stroke considerably.
• Prevention of Osteoporosis: High sodium causes calcium loss from bones, making them porous, leading to increased risk of osteoporosis. A low sodium diet prevents this.

How to get started on a Low Sodium Diet?

If you’re considering adopting a low sodium diet, here are some practical recommendations to help you get started:

1. Read Labels: Always check the nutrition facts on food labels and look for foods labelled under “low sodium,” “very low sodium,” or “sodium-free.”
2. Cook at Home: At home you are in control of the amount of sodium in your food. Shift the focus of seasoning towards fresh herbs and spices, instead of just salt.
3. Limit Processed Foods: These are all high in sodium. Opt for fresh, whole foods, fruits, vegetables, lean meats, etc.
4. Low Sodium Alternatives: Traditionally broths, soups, and snacks, offer low sodium food options. Opt for these whenever possible.
5. Manage Portion Sizes: Larger portions contribute to higher sodium intake. Be mindful, especially when dining out.

Seven Tips for Reducing Sodium Intake

You can still eat tasty food which is low in sodium. Here are some tips to help you cut back:

1. Use Fresh Ingredients: Salt is a great help in preserving food for a long time. So have fresh produce instead of preserved foods.
2. Experiment with Herbs and Spices: Add a burst of flavour to your dishes without the need for extra salt.
3. Rinse Canned Foods: These are again preserved in salt. Rinse them thoroughly under water before cooking to remove some of the sodium.
4. Limit Condiments: Many condiments like soy sauce, ketchup, and salad dressings are high in sodium. Use them sparingly.
5. Avoid Salt at the Table: Train your palate to enjoy the natural flavors of foods without adding extra salt.
6. Avoid Salty Snacking: Chips, pretzels, and salted nuts are loaded with sodium. Avoid these at all costs. 
7. Avoid Frozen Foods: Many frozen meals contain high levels of sodium as a preservative. Look for low sodium options or prepare your meals from scratch.

What are the Low Sodium Food Options?

If you’re wondering what foods you can eat on a low sodium diet, here are some options that are naturally low in sodium:

1. Fruits and Vegetables: Fresh fruits and vegetables are excellent choices for low sodium foods. Try and include apples, bananas, oranges, carrots, and spinach to keep the diet balanced and fibre rich.
2. Whole Grains: Whole grains like brown rice, quinoa, and oatmeal are naturally low in sodium and provide essential nutrients.
3. Lean Proteins: Opt for fresh, lean proteins like chicken, turkey, and fish. Avoid processed meats like bacon, ham, and sausages, which are high in sodium.
4. Dairy Products: Choose low sodium dairy products such as unsalted butter, low sodium cheese, and plain yoghurt.
5. Nuts and Seeds: Unsalted nuts and seeds are great for snacking and can be added to salads or yoghurt for extra crunch.

Living with a Low Sodium Diet

Changing the way you eat takes effort. But when the question is between your health and your salt, always choose your health. With time and practice, it can become a natural part of your lifestyle. Remember that small, gradual changes are more sustainable than drastic ones. To help get the most out of your diet remember to stay hydrated, as adequate water intake can help your body manage sodium levels effectively.

Conclusion

A low sodium diet is a powerful tool for improving health, particularly for those at risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney disease. By understanding the basics, benefits, and practical recommendations, you can take control of your sodium intake and make healthier choices that support your long-term well-being. Need a push to start on a healthy journey? Reach out to our clinical nutritionist and get a customised diet chart. This will help you manage a host of problems while maintaining a healthy habit. To book an appointment with our dietician at CK Birla Hospital click here (link to booking)

FAQs Around Low Sodium Diet

What foods can you eat on a Low Sodium Diet?

Fibre rich foods are mostly low on sodium. So fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low sodium dairy products. 

How much Sodium should I consume daily?

For most adults, the recommended daily sodium intake is less than 2,300 milligrams, with an ideal limit of 1,500 milligrams for those with specific health conditions.

Are there Health risks associated with too little Sodium?

Yes, consuming too little sodium can lead to hyponatremia, a condition where sodium levels in the blood are too low. This can cause symptoms like headache, nausea, and fatigue. However, this is rare and typically occurs in individuals with certain medical conditions.

Why is a Low Sodium diet important for Kidney Disease?

In kidney disease, the kidneys are less effective at removing excess sodium from the body, which can lead to fluid retention and high blood pressure. A low sodium diet helps manage these symptoms and protect kidney function.

Why is a Low Sodium Diet important for patients with risk of Heart Failure?

In heart failure, the heart struggles to pump blood efficiently. This causes a fluid buildup in the body. Reducing sodium intake can help minimise fluid retention and therefore reduce the strain on the heart.

How long does it take for a Low Sodium Diet to reduce Blood Pressure?

The time it takes for a low sodium diet to reduce blood pressure varies from person to person, but many people see improvements within a few weeks to a few months.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indians-continue-to-eat-more-salt-than-who-recommendation/article67348080.ece

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-42694-x#:~:text=The%20daily%20mean%20salt%20intake%20was%20significantly%20higher%20(p%20%3C%200.0001,samples%20(n%20=%202266).