Let’s start with an honest note – Indian summers are brutal. Different regions of the nation experience record-breaking temperatures each year. The average temperature during the normal summer season which lasts from March to June is between 35°C and 45°C. Furthermore, some regions in the country exceed the higher range. Not only are these sharp temperatures increase & excess heat unpleasant but they also have an effect on health. Heat stroke is among the most prevalent conditions that arise from an increase in temperature.
Heat stroke is a severe condition resulting from prolonged exposure to excessive heat. There has been a noticeable increase in the number of heat stroke-related cases in India, given the changing climate. According to The Hindu the country recorded 41,789 heat stroke cases in 2024.
The IMD (Indian Meteorological Department) reported the year 2024, as the warmest on record in India since 1901. The prolonged exposure to high temperatures causes the body temperature to dangerously rise above 104° Fahrenheit, impairing the body’s cooling mechanism and resulting in a heat stroke.
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Heat stroke is defined as a life-threatening condition when the body overheats and is unable to cool down on its own. Heat stroke is common in people who live in warmer climates where summer temperatures typically reach 40 to 45°C or individuals who exercise intensely leading to the generation of a lot of body heat. Weakness, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, nausea, and more are common signs of heat stroke. Additionally, unlike other heat-related illnesses, heat stroke affects brain function leading to changes in how you think and behave. Some of the main causes that lead to heat stroke include:
Spending time in excess heat without cooling measures, ventilation, etc.
Another common cause leading to heat stroke is overexerting the body in hot weather, increasing body heat and leading to heat exhaustion.
It is common to sweat during summers, though not drinking enough fluid impairs the body’s ability to cool down naturally which may lead to heat stroke.
Conditions like obesity (health risks & causes), diabetes (treatment), heart disease, and more can affect the body’s temperature regulation and increase the risk of heat stroke.
Wearing heavy, unbreathable clothing can also hinder the body’s ability to sweat and cool down, resulting in an increased risk of heat stroke.
The human body is built with the ability to cool down itself, though there are certain factors that can affect this ability, including prolonged exposure to excessive heat and heat generated by the body’s metabolism during physical activity, both impair the body’s natural ability to cool down.
Heat stroke is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention, therefore understanding the related symptoms is crucial. Some of the common symptoms include:
Summers in India are known to break the high record for temperature every year. The impact of rising temperature poses significant risks for everyone, but especially to vulnerable populations like infants, the elderly, individuals with health conditions, outdoor workers, and more. Here’s how to avoid excessive heat leading to heat stroke:
Use air conditioners, fans, etc. to keep the inside temperature cool, especially when the temperature outside is very high.
Stay hydrated, especially before and after engaging in physical activity during hot weather. Additionally, keeping hydrated with just water is not enough, take electrolytes, eat more water-rich fruits (benefits of eating muskmelon (kharbuja)), etc. to maintain hydration.
If you’re spending most of your time in air-conditioned space, refrain from directly going outdoors as the body might not be ready for that kind of exposure. The key is to gradually expose the body to activities outdoors.
Refrain from outdoor workouts and staying out during the hottest part of the day. Try working & exercising indoors when the outside temperature is high.
When outside wear proper full sleeves breathable clothing that is loose fitting to keep safe and limit sun exposure. Additionally, use umbrellas, goggles, hats, etc. to protect from the sun.
Additionally, to prevent heat stroke, develop a plan for hot days, maintain a healthy weight, stay extra cautious if there’s an existing medical condition, wear light-colored clothing, gradually increase physical activity, and more.
Heat stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention as the condition can lead to serious complications like organ damage and more. Here’s what to do in an emergency:
Here are some home remedies that help with heat stroke:
| Remedy | Benefits |
| Cold Water Compress | Helps reduce body temperature |
| Coconut Water | Replenishes electrolytes & cools the body |
| Lemon Water (Salt & Sugar) | Helps with hydration, provides energy & electrolyte support |
| Ice Pack Under Feet | Helps cool the body quickly & reflex cooling points |
| Cucumber Juice | Rehydrates, soothing for skin and body heat |
| Poppy Seeds | Cools the body & aids in sleep/rest during recovery |
How can I tell if I’m getting heat stroke or just overheated?
The difference can be ascertained by noticing the body temperature and mental state. If the body temperature is around 104°F along with confusion, agitation, etc. it may be heat stroke.
Is heat stroke dangerous even if I cool down quickly?
Yes, heat stroke is a dangerous condition, even if you cool down quickly.
How much water should I drink to avoid heat stroke?
Drink at least 3 to 4 litres of water daily to avoid heat stroke.
Does sunscreen prevent heat stroke?
Sunscreen does not directly prevent heat stroke, though it prevents sunburn.
What is the difference between heat stroke and exhaustion?
Exhaustion is a milder condition where the body loses excessive water & salt through sweat while heat stroke is a condition where the body’s temperature control fails.
