Supplements and vitamin IV drips are everywhere, often promoted by social media and celebrity endorsements, and many people now self-prescribe them. For most healthy adults who eat a balanced diet, a daily multivitamin does not boost immunity or prevent major illness. Taking them without medical advice can cause more harm than good. Fat-soluble vitamins such as A and D can build up in the body and lead to liver problems, kidney stones and bone issues. Excess vitamin E, omega-3, calcium or vitamin D can also cause bleeding risks, digestive upsets, fatigue and muscle weakness. High doses of some minerals can reduce the absorption of other nutrients, and mixing supplements may lower the effectiveness of certain medicines. Self-medicating can also mask conditions such as thyroid disorders and genuine nutritional deficiencies. Supplements help certain groups, such as pregnant women, older adults, vegans and people with documented deficiencies. Check with a doctor before you start any supplement.
