Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are major risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Smoking leads to cardiovascular disease by promoting plaque buildup in arteries and causes respiratory disorders like COPD and lung cancer. It also weakens the immune system. Excessive alcohol consumption damages the liver, leading to conditions like cirrhosis and liver cancer. It also increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Both habits significantly contribute to the development of preventable diseases, and reducing or quitting smoking and alcohol intake can greatly improve overall health and reduce the risk of NCDs.