Anal cancer occurs in the lining of the anal canal. It develops as a result of abnormal cell growth in the anal canal. Anal cancer can cause stool leakage, a lump or mass, bleeding during bowel movements, etc. Timely and early treatment is crucial to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and avoid spreading to other parts or organs. 

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This type of anal cancer is the most common and starts in the flat cells that line the anus.
• Adenocarcinoma: This type of cancer starts on the glands around the anus or in the upper part of the anus.

• Surgery: Minimally invasive process involves removing the cancerous tissues in the anus and nearby tissues.
• Chemotherapy: Involves use of anti-cancer drugs to destroy the cancer cells. Chemotherapy can also be combined with other treatments. 
• Radiation Therapy: Cancer cells are destroyed through high-energy rays. It is also combined with chemotherapy.
• Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is used when cancer is in the late stage and involves using the body’s immune system to fight cancer.

• Surgery: Costs around ₹1,50,000 to ₹3,50,000

• Chemotherapy: Costs approximately ₹40,000 (Per session)  

• Radiation Therapy: Can range from ₹1,50,000 to ₹3,00,000

• Immunotherapy: Ranges between ₹4,00,000 to ₹6,00,000.

These figures are approximate and can vary based on individual circumstances, hospital facilities, and additional services required.

• Metastasis: The cancer cells may start to spread to other organs (liver, lungs, etc)
• Chronic Bleeding: Persistent rectal bleeding can cause weakness, anaemia, iron deficiency, etc.
• Severe Pain & Infection: Ulcers or open sores may form, increasing the risk of bacterial infections. 
• Loss of Bowel Control: Damage to anal sphincter muscles can cause difficulty controlling bowel movements.