Vaginitis

Vaginitis is an umbrella term to define a group of conditions that cause inflammation and itching in the vagina. This inflammation can also extend to the vulva. There are different types of vaginitis, which include:

1. Bacterial vaginosis – Your vagina includes certain levels of natural bacteria. This bacteria can, sometimes, overgrow upsetting the balance and leading to inflammation.
2. Yeast infections – Yeast infections are highly common. They are caused by a naturally occurring fungus known as Candida albicans.
3. Trichomoniasis – Trichomoniasis is an infection caused by a parasite. This is usually transmitted through sexual contact.

Vaginitis symptoms differ from type to type. This condition is usually identified by persistent inflammation and itching. Besides these, common vaginitis symptoms include:

• Abnormal vaginal discharge (Changes in the colour, smell or amount of discharge)
• Irritation and itching in the vagina 
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Pain during and after urination
• Vaginal bleeding or spotting

Primarily, vaginitis symptoms are used to help identify the type of infection. These symptoms vary in the abnormal discharge indicating the type.

Bacterial vaginosis – In this infection, you may experience a grey-tinted vaginal discharge which is foul-smelling (fishy odour).

Yeast infection – Yeast infection may cause a cottage cheese type of discharge that is thick white in texture. 

Trichomoniasis – During trichomoniasis, you may experience a greenish-yellow discharge.

Vulvovaginitis causes are basically dependent on the type of vaginitis. There are several causes including:

• Changes in natural bacteria of the vagina 
• Overgrowth of a fungal organism
• Due to a parasite caused by sexual transmission 
• Allergic reactions caused by vaginal sprays, douches, perfumed soaps, scented detergents and spermicidal products
• Reduced estrogen levels after menopause
• Surgical removal of your ovaries

While every woman is prone to the development of vaginitis, some women are at a greater risk than others. Common risk factors include:

• Hormonal changes caused by pregnancy, birth control pills or menopause
• Unprotected sexual activity or intercourse 
• Certain medications 
• Uncontrolled diabetes 
• Use of scented or cosmetic products 
• Douching 
• Wearing tight-fitted clothes
• Use of IUD

The diagnosis of vaginitis is usually done when a woman appears for her general pelvic exam or when she presents with the above-given symptoms. There are several measures done to help diagnose vaginitis. Common methods include:

• Review of personal medical history 
• Pelvic exam 
• Sampling and testing of vaginal discharge 
• pH testing

Vaginitis treatment is based on the type of infection and the causes of vaginitis. Your gynaecologist will devise a specialised treatment plan for you to treat the root cause of the problem.

The treatment protocol is also dependent on the findings of the investigations. Common treatment measures include:

• Medication 
• Hormone therapy 
• Changes in lifestyle choices and hygiene habits