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Gastroenterology & Hepatology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment and management of stomach and liver problems. This area of medical science also offers medical care towards a wide range of conditions affecting the nearby organs such as the gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreas. We offer high-quality, specialised services in the assessment and management of gastroenterology and liver problems. Our team of highly recognised gastroenterologists are skilled in offering personalised care to patients based on their unique biological markers and symptoms.
Conditions we treat
Acidity
Acidity in the human body refers to the imbalance of pH levels, typically leaning towards the acidic end. This imbalance can arise from various factors including diet, stress, lifestyle choices, and certain medical conditions. When the body becomes overly acidic, it can lead to discomfort, inflammation, and potential health complications. The stomach, for instance, naturally produces acids to aid digestion, but excessive acidity can cause issues like acid reflux and heartburn. Chronic acidity may also contribute to conditions such as osteoporosis and kidney stones. Maintaining a balanced diet, managing stress levels, and staying hydrated are key strategies to regulate acidity levels and promote overall health.Acute Liver Failure
Acute liver failure is a rare but life-threatening condition characterised by the rapid deterioration of liver function within days to weeks, leading to hepatic encephalopathy and multi-organ failure. Commonly caused by viral hepatitis, drug toxicity, or autoimmune disorders, its onset is abrupt, often with symptoms like jaundice, confusion, and abdominal pain. Without prompt intervention, mortality rates are high. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, supportive care to manage complications such as cerebral oedema and coagulopathy, and in severe cases, liver transplantation. Despite advances in medical management, acute liver failure remains a challenging condition, requiring vigilant monitoring and aggressive therapeutic strategies.Acute Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas, a vital organ responsible for producing digestive enzymes and insulin. This condition often manifests with severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. It can be triggered by gallstones, alcohol abuse, medications, infections, or high levels of triglycerides in the blood. The inflammation can lead to serious complications such as pancreatic necrosis, abscess formation, or organ failure if not promptly treated. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, imaging studies like CT scans, and clinical evaluation. Treatment focuses on pain management, intravenous fluids, and addressing underlying causes, with severe cases requiring hospitalisation and possible surgical intervention.Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic liver disease, a consequence of chronic alcohol consumption, manifests in various forms ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis. Prolonged alcohol intake damages liver cells, impairing their ability to function properly. Initially, the liver accumulates fat due to alcohol metabolism, leading to fatty liver disease. Continued alcohol abuse progresses the condition to alcoholic hepatitis, marked by inflammation and potential liver failure. The most severe stage, cirrhosis, involves irreversible scarring, hindering liver function entirely. Symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, and fluid retention. Prevention primarily involves abstinence from alcohol, while treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medical interventions to alleviate symptoms and halt disease progression.Anaemia
Anaemia, a condition marked by a deficiency in red blood cells or haemoglobin, poses significant health concerns worldwide. Characterised by symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin, anaemia can result from various factors including nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, or genetic disorders. Iron deficiency anaemia, the most common type, often stems from inadequate dietary intake or poor absorption. Additionally, vitamin deficiency anaemias like those caused by deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate can lead to similar symptoms. Timely diagnosis through blood tests and appropriate treatment, such as dietary changes, supplements, or medication, is crucial in managing anaemia effectively and restoring optimal health.Appendicitis
Appendicitis, characterised by inflammation of the appendix, presents with symptoms such as abdominal pain, usually starting around the belly button and moving to the lower right abdomen, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Causes often include blockage of the appendix, typically by faecal matter, leading to bacterial growth and infection. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent complications like a ruptured appendix, which can lead to severe infection. Surgical removal, known as an appendectomy, is the primary treatment. Immediate medical attention is crucial upon experiencing symptoms, especially if the pain intensifies or spreads, to prevent potentially life-threatening complications.Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease characterised by the body's immune system mistakenly attacking liver cells, leading to inflammation and potential damage. This condition, though rare, can affect individuals of any age or ethnicity, with women being more commonly diagnosed. Symptoms may vary from mild fatigue to severe jaundice and abdominal discomfort. Diagnosis often involves blood tests to assess liver function and detect specific antibodies indicative of autoimmune activity. Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive medications to reduce inflammation and slow the progression of liver damage. Regular monitoring and management are crucial to prevent complications and maintain liver health in individuals with autoimmune hepatitis.Celiac Disease
Gluten is a protein present in wheat, barley, and rye that causes the chronic autoimmune illness celiac disease. This condition affects the small intestine, causing inflammation and damage to its lining, leading to malabsorption of nutrients. Common symptoms include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bloating, fatigue, and weight loss. However, some individuals may experience atypical symptoms or remain asymptomatic. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests for specific antibodies and confirmation through a small intestine biopsy. The primary treatment for celiac disease is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet, which can effectively manage symptoms and prevent complications, promoting a healthier quality of life.Cholecystitis
Cholecystitis, characterised by inflammation of the gallbladder, often manifests with prolonged abdominal pain due to various factors. Typically, gallstones obstruct the cystic duct, leading to bile buildup and subsequent irritation or infection of the gallbladder wall. This inflammation triggers intense, persistent pain in the upper right abdomen, which can radiate to the back or shoulder. The pain worsens after consuming fatty or greasy foods due to increased bile production. Additionally, inflammation induces visceral hypersensitivity, amplifying pain perception. Recognizing prolonged abdominal pain as a potential indicator of cholecystitis underscores the importance of timely medical intervention to mitigate complications and ensure proper management.Chronic Liver Failure
Chronic liver failure, a progressive deterioration of liver function, poses a significant health challenge globally. Characterised by the gradual loss of liver tissue and function over time, it stems from various factors including long-term alcohol abuse, hepatitis infections, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Symptoms may initially be subtle, such as fatigue and jaundice, but can escalate to severe complications like ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. Management often involves lifestyle modifications, medications to manage symptoms, and in advanced cases, liver transplantation. However, prevention through addressing underlying risk factors remains paramount. Early diagnosis and comprehensive care are crucial in mitigating the burden of chronic liver failure on individuals and healthcare systems.Chronic Pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis, a progressive inflammatory condition affecting the pancreas, imposes a significant burden on individuals' health and quality of life. Characterised by persistent inflammation and irreversible damage to pancreatic tissue, it leads to debilitating symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, weight loss, malabsorption, and diabetes mellitus. Heavy alcohol consumption and long-term exposure to pancreatic irritants are common etiological factors. Complications including pancreatic pseudocysts, bile duct obstruction, and pancreatic cancer exacerbate the disease's severity. Management primarily focuses on pain relief, enzyme replacement therapy, nutritional support, and addressing underlying causes. Despite therapeutic interventions, chronic pancreatitis often presents a challenging clinical scenario with limited treatment options.Common Gastrointestinal Diseases
Common gastrointestinal diseases encompass a spectrum of disorders affecting the digestive tract, ranging from mild discomfort to severe complications. Among them, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) presents with acid reflux, heartburn, and regurgitation due to a weakened lower oesophagal sphincter. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) manifests with abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits, often triggered by stress or certain foods. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, both forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), involve chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis and management typically involve lifestyle modifications, medications, and sometimes surgical intervention to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.Constipation Treatment
Constipation treatment encompasses a variety of approaches aimed at relieving discomfort and restoring regular bowel movements. Dietary modifications, such as increasing fibre intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are often recommended to promote bowel regularity. Hydration plays a crucial role, as adequate water intake softens stools, easing their passage. Over-the-counter laxatives, stool softeners, and enemas are short-term remedies for stubborn cases. Regular physical activity also aids in bowel movement stimulation. In severe or chronic cases, prescription medications or biofeedback therapy may be prescribed. However, a balanced approach tailored to individual needs, combining dietary adjustments, hydration, and lifestyle changes, typically yields effective long-term relief from constipation.Crohn’s Disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the small intestine and colon. Its exact cause remains unknown, though it's believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and an abnormal immune response. Symptoms of Crohn's disease vary widely but often include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss, and fever. These symptoms may change over time and range in severity from minor to severe. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and reducing inflammation through medication, dietary changes, and in some cases, surgery. Crohn's disease can significantly impact quality of life, requiring ongoing management and support.Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system, characterised by thick, sticky mucus that clogs the airways and obstructs pancreatic enzymes. This hereditary condition is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, affecting the production of a protein crucial for normal mucus and sweat production. Symptoms include persistent coughing, wheezing, recurrent lung infections, poor weight gain, and digestive issues. Despite advancements in treatment, CF remains incurable, necessitating lifelong management through therapies targeting symptoms, such as airway clearance techniques, medications, and nutritional support. Early diagnosis through newborn screening and ongoing research into gene therapies offer hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for individuals with CF.Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis, a common digestive condition, occurs when small pouches (diverticula) in the colon become inflamed or infected. These pouches typically form due to weak spots in the colon wall, often resulting from a low-fibre diet. Symptoms of diverticulitis include abdominal pain, particularly on the lower left side, along with fever, nausea, and changes in bowel habits. In severe cases, complications such as abscesses or perforations may arise, requiring prompt medical attention. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, pain relievers, and a temporary liquid diet to allow the colon to heal. Long-term management often includes dietary modifications to prevent future flare-ups.Fatty Liver
Hepatic steatosis, a medical term for fatty liver, is the accumulation of extra fat in the liver cells. This condition is often associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and excessive alcohol consumption. Initially asymptomatic, it can progress to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or even non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and potentially cirrhosis. Risk factors include a poor diet, a sedentary lifestyle, and certain medications. Blood tests and imaging investigations are usually required for the diagnosis. Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, dietary changes, and regular exercise are cornerstone treatments. Early detection and intervention are crucial in preventing further liver damage.Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding, often a result of underlying conditions such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, or diverticulosis, poses a significant medical concern. It manifests through symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting blood) or melena (black, tarry stools). Prompt identification and intervention are crucial to prevent severe complications like anaemia or hemorrhagic shock. Diagnostic methods such as endoscopy, imaging studies, or blood tests aid in determining the source and severity of bleeding. Treatment strategies vary from medications to endoscopic interventions or surgery, depending on the cause and extent of bleeding. Close monitoring and management are essential to mitigate risks and ensure optimal patient outcomes.Gallbladder Diet
A gallbladder diet focuses on reducing fat intake while emphasising whole foods rich in fibre, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. High-fat foods can trigger gallbladder attacks, causing discomfort and pain due to gallstones or inflammation. Incorporating foods like oats, brown rice, and legumes aids in regulating cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of gallstone formation. Lean meats, such as poultry and fish, provide essential proteins without excess fat. Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower aid in digestion and promote overall gallbladder health. Limiting processed foods, fried foods, and saturated fats helps maintain a balanced gallbladder diet, fostering better digestive function and reducing discomfort.Gallbladder Stones
The term "gallbladder stone" refers to hardened deposits that develop inside the gallbladder, a little organ situated under the liver. These stones come in a range of sizes, from tiny sand grains to massive golf balls. They are primarily composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, a pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. Gallstones can cause excruciating pain if they obstruct the bile ducts, leading to symptoms such as intense abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment options range from medications to surgical removal of the gallbladder, depending on the severity of the condition. Early diagnosis and management are crucial in preventing complications associated with gallbladder stones.Liver problems
Liver problems include a range of health issues that affect the liver. These include alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis and liver cancer. Liver diseases can be caused by a variety of reasons including excessive intake of alcohol, genetics and infections.Pancreatitis
The inflammation of the pancreas is known as pancreatitis. It can appear as both an acute and progressive disease. It is characterised by sharp abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Treatment alternatives range from pain management, medicinal therapy and surgical interventions.Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
GERD is a condition in which there is frequent acid reflux back into the oesophagus causing heartburn, irritation and pain. If left untreated, GERD can lead to narrowing or sores of the oesophagus. It is treated through lifestyle changes, medication and surgical procedures.Gallbladder and biliary tract disease
The biliary tract includes the gallbladder and bile ducts that produce and store bile (digestive fluid). Common conditions affecting the biliary tract include gallstones, cholecystitis and tumours. Treatment protocols depend upon the type of condition and the overall health of the patient.Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a progressive condition in which scar tissues replace the healthy tissues in the liver which can lead to liver failure. Early detection can help in timely treatment and better prognosis. Treatment includes lifestyle changes and medication to reverse scar tissue growth.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
An inflammatory bowel disease is a group of conditions causing chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. These include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. A combination of medicinal treatment, lifestyle remedies and surgical interventions may be offered to treat IBD.Why choose us?
Our experts provide clinically reliable and trusted care with an enhanced focus on improving the quality of life for our patients.
Highlights of the department:
- Comprehensive expertise with all gastroenterology subspecialties
- World-class laparoscopic equipment – ICG, RFA, MWA
- Latest technology - HIPEC, PIPAC, 3D Imaging
- Reduced operating time with advanced energy sealing devices
- Excellent facilities for advanced interventional radiological procedures
- State-of-the-art endoscopy suites
- Multidisciplinary team-based approach
- 24x7 Emergency & Critical Care backup for medical and surgical intensive care
Our gastroenterologists
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FAQs
What does a hepatologist treat?
A hepatologist is a doctor who specialises in the treatment of conditions affecting the gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas.
Do gastroenterologists treat liver problems?
Yes, a gastroenterologist can treat liver problems.
Is a hepatologist the same as a gastroenterologist?
Both hepatologists and gastroenterologists treat liver problems. However, hepatologists specialise primarily in liver conditions while gastroenterologists also offer care for gastrointestinal problems.
How is endoscopy of the liver done?
Endoscopy of the liver is known as ERCP. In this procedure, a long, flexible tube called the endoscope is inserted in your abdominal cavity through your mouth and throat to help visualise the liver.
Why would you be referred to a gastroenterologist?
You may consult a gastroenterologist for a range of digestive health problems as well as guidance for a healthy lifestyle.