Why the HPV Vaccine Matters? – Cervical Cancer Awareness

Over time cancer cases in women have been notably on the rise. Cervical Cancer after Breast Cancer is affecting Indian women the most. Recent data from MediAssist Healthcare Services reveals that cancer-related insurance claims surged in 2024, with a significant rise among women aged 40 and above.* Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the country. It’s a wake-up call, especially for women in India who need to know ways to prevent cervical cancer and stay protected.

*Source: Times of India

** Source: The Lancet 

The good news is that Cervical Cancer is preventable, as it is the only cancer with a vaccine. And so being proactive against the HPV virus that causes cervical cancer can be the best approach. This Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, let’s understand how the HPV vaccine can make a difference.

Cervical Cancer Cases Rising In India

1. High Prevalence in India: 16.5% of all female cancers (Globocan 2020).
2. Largely Preventable: Over 90% of cases are caused by persistent HPV infections, which are preventable with vaccination.
3. Risk Peaks with Age: Women above 40 are at higher risk, particularly those unvaccinated or unscreened.

What Is The Role of HPV in Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer is usually the outcome of an HPV infection. HPV is a group of viruses, with over 100 strains and can be transmitted through sexual contact. Most HPV infections clear naturally, some however overstay their welcome, leading to abnormal cervical cell growth and, eventually, cancer. Studies suggest that predominantly strain types 16 and 18 are responsible for causing about 70% of all recorded cervical cancer cases.

But Cervical Cancer cells need certain contributing factors in order to manifest and evolve. 

• Weakened Immunity:

  If someone is already experiencing conditions like HIV or are under long-term steroid use due to other diseases, then they are certainly more susceptible to develop cancer. A weak immune system is the perfect base to manifest cancer cells.

• Smoking:

  Today smoking is prevalent in men and women alike and is therefore the most common contributor to causing cancer. The oxidation process of smoking has been proven to harm cervical cells and therefore impair immunity. This poor lifestyle choice is affecting more and more people everyday.

• Poor Hygiene:

  The cervical region needs extra attention as poor hygiene practices can lead to heightened infection risks. This means proper usage of clean sanitary napkins, regular cleaning and special care during menstruation among women. This also applies to keeping the region clean post sexual activity.

• Oral Contraceptives:

  Prolonged use may slightly increase cancer risk. Many women are prescribed contraceptives to treat various other problems, such as hormonal imbalance, irregular periods and PCOS. It is very important to discuss this with your doctor to ensure one problem does not invite another.

• Unsafe Sexual Practices:

  HPV is sexually transmitted. Therefore a vast majority of sexually active individuals will contract HPV at some point of time in their lives. This makes vaccination and screening essential.

The HPV Vaccine: Your Shield Against Cervical Cancer

How It Works:

The HPV vaccine protects against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18), reducing the risk of cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers.

Ideal Age for Vaccination:

• For Girls (9–14 years): Two doses, 6–12 months apart, are most effective before HPV exposure.
• For Women (15–26 years): Three doses over 6 months are recommended, though effectiveness decreases with prior exposure.
• For Boys (9–26 years): Prevents the spread of HPV and protects against HPV-related cancers.

Weighing the Pros Against Cons of the HPV Vaccine

Pros:

• High Effectiveness: Protects against 70% of cervical cancer cases.
• Safe: Endorsed by WHO and CDC, with minimal side effects like mild fever or pain.
• Additional Benefits: Reduces risks of genital warts and other HPV-related cancers.

Cons:

• Timing Dependency: Best results are achieved when administered early.
• Ineffective in Women over 40: By then women have already been exposed to multiple strains of HPV making it difficult to cover more strains. 
• Cost Concerns: Private vaccinations can be costly, though government programs offer subsidized options.

Cervical Cancer Risk Profile: Are You at Risk?

Answer these questions to assess your risk:

1. Are you over 40 years old?
2. Did you have early sexual activity or multiple partners?
3. Do you have a weakened immune system?
4. Are you a smoker?
5. Have you neglected regular screenings?

If you got more than two Yes-s, it is time you visited your doctor.

Why Pap Smears Are Your Best Ally?

Think of a Pap smear as your cervical health’s early warning system. This quick and straightforward test is like a radar, spotting abnormal cell changes long before they turn into something more serious, like cervical cancer. 

For women aged 21 and above, regular Pap smears aren’t just a recommendation—they’re a lifesaver. Pair it with the HPV vaccine, and you’ve got a one-two punch against cervical cancer. Remember, prevention is always better than cure. 

Red Flags to Watch For:

• Sudden vaginal bleeding post sex
• Persistent pelvic pain or backache.
• Unusual vaginal discharge.
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding after Menopause 

If any of these apply to you, consult a healthcare provider for a Pap smear or HPV test. Early detection saves lives.

Protect Yourself Proactively

1. Get Vaccinated:

   Cancer cannot be cured, but it can be prevented. Cervical cancer is the only cancer that comes with a vaccine. Then grab this time sensitive opportunity to stay one step ahead, proactively. Consult your doctor about eligibility and timing.

2. Schedule Pap Smears:

   Early detection is the best approach to cancer. If you have exceeded the age bracket for the vaccine, then pap smears are your best alternative. Pap smears are effective as they detect precancerous changes early, making it easier to prevent things from going out of hand. But one must be regular with this and discuss a screening schedule with their gynaecologist.

3. Adopt Healthy Habits:

   Choosing a good lifestyle and consistently ensuring proper menstrual hygiene can prevent any kind of gynaecological anomalies from affecting your life. Eat healthy and quit smoking to buy yourself time away from a host of life altering diseases.

Expert’s Advice

“As a doctor, I’ve seen the toll cervical cancer takes on women and families,” says Dr. Aruna Kalra, Consultant Gynecologist at the CK Birla Hospital. “The HPV vaccine is one of the most effective tools we have to protect against this preventable disease. Vaccination combined with regular screenings is your best bet for safeguarding your health.”

Takeaway

Cervical cancer is preventable. This Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, prioritise your health by learning about the HPV vaccine and encouraging others to do the same. Awareness and early action can save lives.

Share this with your loved ones and take the first step toward a healthier future. For more information, contact us at https://www.ckbhospital.com/doctors/cervical-cancer-treatment-doctors-in-delhi/